Race and the Death Penalty Essays -- Capital Punishment Race African-A

The devastation penalty is one of the most controversial issues on American soil. Blacks argon more likely to face the death penalty than whites in the commission of identical crimes(CNN, 2014). The history of capital punishment dates back to the days before Christ. The older Testament adage an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth, has survived throughout the ages despite the New Testaments rendition of thou shall not kill. Todays American victims endure a more coy of style of cruel and unusual punishment death by lethal injection has replaced the barbaric traditions of the past. Statistics prove that for many years the death penalty has move disproportionately on racial minorities in the United States. For example, since 1930 nearly 90% of those executed for the crime of rape in this country were African-Americans, and currently, about 50% of those on the nations death rows are from minority populations representing only 20% of this countrys population. Nearly 40% of those ex ecuted since 1976 have been black, even though blacks constitute only 12% of the population. And in almost all(prenominal) death penalty case, the race of the victim is white. Of the 229 executions that have occurred since the death penalty was reinstated, only one has involved a white defendant for the murder of a black person (Race and the Death Penalty, 2003). Does this mean that minorities are inherently criminals, or is there an undercurrent of racial segregation affecting the views of the volume in our society? T.V. shows, such as Cops, often depict persons of color as the criminal element, reinforcing the myth that minorities are to be feared. Blacks are sentenced to jail and the death penalty more often that any other minority in America. As the national inmate population has increased in recent decades, the repair of these changes on minority communities has been particularly dramatic. Two-thirds of the people in prison are now racial and ethnic minorities, and for blac k males in their twenties, one in every eight is in prison or jail on any given day. Moreover, black males born today have a one in three chance of going to prison during their lifetime, compared to a one in seventeen chance for white males. These trends have been exacerbated by the impact of the war on drugs, with three-fourths of all drug offenders being persons of color, far out of proportion to thei... ...people and it should be abolished.ReferencesAuthor unappreciated (2015) Race and the Death Penalty, ACLU. Web. 28 Nov. 2015.https//www.aclu.org/race-and-death-penaltyAuthor Unknown (1994, March) Racial Disparities in Federal Death Penalty Prosecutions 1988-1994 Online, Available http//www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/article.Beal, F. (2004, October) poisonous Justice Racism Verified in Recent Studies, Available www.blackradicalcongress.org/ comm/chroniclesFessenden, Ford. 2000. Deadly Statistics A Survey of Crime and Punishment. The New York Times September 22, 2000. Available www.n ytimes.comGoertzel, T. (2004, July) Capital Punishment and Homicide Sociological Realities and Econometric Illusions, Available http//www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/article.Kalogeras, S., & Mauer, M. (2004, May) The Sentencing Project Racial Disparities in the Criminal Justice System, Available http//www.sentencingproject.org/ Rovella, D. (1998, June 8) Race Pervades Death Penalty, Available www.picard.tnstate.edu/cmcginnis/RacePervadesDeathPenalty.htmStaff, CNN. Death Penalty Facts That May Surprise You. CNN. Cable News Network, 8 Sept. 2014. Web. 28 Nov. 2015.

Stonehenge :: European Europe History

StonehengeStonehenge, one of the nifty Seven Wonders of the World, but what do we really know virtually it. What was its purpose, how was it built and by whom. many an(prenominal) different answers come up when asking the question What was the purpose of Stonehenge, some say that it was a horrid place, which the Druids used for religious sacrifice, but most others father a more positive idea. A temple of the sun, a Pagan Cathedral, or a holy sanctuary in the midst of blessed ground, or maybe a clock or even a place to Predict Eclipses. No one really knows what it was used for this is due to a grand number of facts surrounding all of these ideas. Many ideas come up when talking about why this great structure was built along with an equal come in on who built it. The Druids is the most common response because the Druids inhabited most of the area in which Stonehenge is built. The Pagans are another common answer to this age grey-haired question because of the building structure of Stonehenge how it resembles a Pagan Cathedral. Whoever built Stonehenge, they were an extremely advanced baseball club either on purpose or by effected fluke. Many say that because of Stonehenges exact solar and lunar alignment. That is was the most common thought is that it was built to predict eclipses for worshiping. The following essay is going to state the facts and myths about the great Stonehenge. By the end of this essay, hopefully a solid conclusion will be found to be the most plausible answer for Stonehenges construction. The moon, it has been a sight for all over time. Back long ago little was none of the reasons for an eclipses, it was thought to be a sing from the gods. In a society which worshiped gods for all the mysteries of the world, the eclipse must have been very special. The builders of Stonehenge must have been marveled at the sight of this holy event, which happened every four years. Most likely the great Stonehenge was built to be a prediction device fo r the eclipse. Many people have studied Stonehenge and many have found that the stones are mathematically fit(p) to show when and eclipse might occur. In favor of this solution - that the Aubrey holes were used as a computer are these facts the number 56 is the smallest number that measures the throw off of the moon with an over-all accuracy of better than 3 days, and lunar cycles provide the only method of long-range eclipse prediction related to the seasons of the year.

Women as Instigators of Tragedy in the Works of William Shakespeare Ess

Women as Instigators of Tragedy in the Works of Shakespeare It is the very error of the moon She comes more nearer flat coat than she was wont, And makes men mad. (Othello 5.2.112-14) The moon is often seen in literature as an allegory for love, virtue, and chastity. In Shakespeares comedies, especially, the moon is personified as Diana, the Roman goddess of chastity. In these comedies, the foolish antics of lovers (literally, lunatics) usually make it under the auspices of the chaste goddess, the lovers behaving like hounds about her feet that snap at each other in competition for her bounty. The moon as allegory for the fury of romance helps us understand Shakespeares view of romance. In the tragedies, however, the moon can represent many things at once Diana, the goddess of Chastity the cyclical nature of shoemakers lastangerment and Hecuba, the witch of insanity. These figures, as their names suggest, are feminine. The tragic heroes often refer to their wives as th e moon. The wives are often seen as possessing, at different times, elements of the various associations with the moon. I assert that, by examining the several allegories of the moon to the principal women of the tragedies, we can see the multiplicity of Shakespeares attitude toward women. Often in the tragedies, the moon serves as the allegory for the changeability of fortune, the fickleness of women, and--as a result--the cause of madness. For this paper, I allow systematically show the various allegories of the moon present in several tragedies. Then I will show how the multiplicity of these allegories is similar to the multiplicity of the principal women of the tragedies. Several principal women of the tragedies are ... ...ators of the downfall of the heroes. Would the heroes have come to such a tragic end without the women? By noting the references to the women as formerly chaste, now inconstant, and always fickle, I argue that they are the cause of the madness of the her oes. Othello kills his wife because he believes her to have cuckolded him, resulting not single her death, but the death of his comrades and himself. Lady MacBeth urges her husband to kill Duncan. Because of his love for Cleopatra, Anthony meets a tragic end. Similar to the moons ability to make men mad, the wives make the tragic heroes mad. Othello, as this papers epigraph suggests, would certainly agree. Works Cited Hankins, John Erskine. Backgrounds of Shakespeares Thought. Hamden, Connecticut Archon Book, 1978. Shakespeare, William. Othello. Ed. Alvin Kernan. New York Signet, 1963.

Symbols of Steinbeck’s Social Commentary Essays -- Literary Analysis

People in the 1930s were rubbish a losing battle with themselves. They were approaching a depression, facing the eyes of war, and trying to stay on their feet with what little resources they had. Most were farmers and made a living by manual labor. The majority of what they owned, they made themselves. such is the setting in John Steinbecks critically acclaimed short story The Chrysanthemums. In this story, Steinbeck set out to paint a portrait of what the conditions of the people were in truth like, but in a different light. Instead of focusing on technicalities, he focused on what the heart of America was going throughthe struggles surrounded by what social standards expected and what individuals desired. In The Chrysanthemums, Steinbeck uses the characters enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay Allen, the Tinker, and Henry Allen to exemplify the different personas of the time, and to reveal certain truths of society associated with each. Elisa Allen lives a peac eful life, but is fighting a constant battle with the prejudicial, parental society against her as a female. As Kenneth Kempton, author of Short Stories for Study, notes, whether it is freedom suggested by the nomadic life of the tinker, or children symbolized by her care of the young plants, or manliness as indicated by her delight in her strength and her masochist scrubbing of her body in the bath, or a normal sex life hinted at by her tenseness with when with her possibly impotent husband, or merely her lost youth as implied at the can, Elisa is struggling inwardly. Beginning with a detailed description of the Salinas River Valley, which is enclosed in fog like a pot, the physical surroundings echo Elisas lifestyle. In fact, the chrysanthemum stems seemed too small and easy for her ene... ...n the bright direction of the Tinker. Had the Tinker been better able to support himself, perhaps he would not contract had to throw Elisas chrysanthemums on the side of the road. Opportun ity, although presented to each of the characters, was never fully grasped, and so it remained, that fog and rain did not go together. deeds CitedKempton, Kenneth Payson. Objectivity as Approach. Short Stories for Study. Cambridge Mass. Harvard UP, 1953. 120-24. Print. Palmerino, Gregory J. Steinbecks THE CHRYSANTHEMUMS. Rev. of The Chrysanthemums Explicator 62.3 (2004) 164-67. Literary Reference Center. Web. Price, Victoria. The Chrysanthemums. Masterplots. 4th ed. Pasadena, CA Salem, 2011. 1-3. Print. Sheets-Nesbitt, Anna, ed. The Chrysanthemums. Short Story Criticism. Ed. Anja Barnard. Vol. 37. Detroit Gale Group, 2000. 320-63. Print.

Hockey vs. Football Essay -- Sports Compare Contrast Hockey Football E

Hockey vs. Football Football and hockey are devil sports, which are similar in objective, but very different in their rules and guidelines. In each of these major sports at that place are rules and guidelines that the doers must follow. The topics that will be covered are the weight leavings between the role players in football and hockey, the use of Creatine Monohydrate, and last the equipment restrictions. This first paragraph will discuss the weight difference between the players in the NFL (football) and the NHL (hockey). Although there is no written rule as to how much a player can weigh in either of the sports, there is the unwritten rule that the players and coaches follow. The average hockey player weighs about 185 pounds. The average weight of a full NHL hockey team consisting of 24 players is about 4,500 lbs. Coaches in the NHL do not want their players too weigh more than 200 though because as Mike Milbury the coach of the New York Islanders put it when a player is a s big as a football player (approx. 250 lbs.). It is harder for a player to move quickly and elude an upcoming check. In the NFL, it is the black eye of the NHL. The coaches dont want their players too weigh less than 200 pounds. The Punter/Kicker is the only position that it doesnt really matter what the weight of player is. On average the weight of a NFL player is 250 lbs. The average team consisting of 48 players weighs about 12,000 lbs.This paragraph talks about a very arguable substanc...

Scrooge in A Christmas Carol By Charles Dickens Essay example -- Charl

A Christmas Carol By Charles daimon peasant is represented from the beginning as a miserable old man being described as a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous, old sinner I think this a perfect description of him in one sentence. People know Scrooge well and avoid him, this suites Scrooge because he does non like other people and not a big fan of being sociable. The name Scrooge was created by Dickens and is now well known in the dictionary as someone that is mean, this is basically what Scrooge is in the novel, a symbol of meanness. It is described that the people know Scrooge well and avoid him as much as possible. Although this suites him well because he does not like other people, and is not sociable in any way. Dickens makes you dislike Scrooge from the very beginning by using a arrive of methods such as, the described cathode-ray oscilloscope and Scrooge, how he treats the poor, the language used etc. The mount hes in is just like him, cold, gloomy, small and cheap. His treatment to the poor is appalling as when he is asked to give a donation for them he replies, Are there no prisons? And the Union Work nursing homes? this is very harsh and selfish, because he is basically face they should be put in prison instead of trying to get money off of him, this instantly creates bad impression on him. His counting house is described by Dickens to be like a dismal little cell, this gives the impression that it is cheap, dark and cold because the fire he describes is so small its as if it solo has one coal. Being so cheap and not wanting to spend anymore money than he has to he only employs one person Bob Cratchit (... ...ery clear that, is you are not kind to people then you will have something bad happen to you in your afterlife. This is proved clear when Marleys ghost appears, and explains to Scrooge that there is No rest, no peace. Incessant torture of remorse as he wh en he was living acted just as Scrooge does. Dickens portrays Scrooge in many different but excellent ways and makes you feel a real sense of hatred for him by doing this. By setting the novel in the Victorian era it helps to create an image of the destitute poor and how badly people like Scrooge treat them. The actual setting he is in is similar to Scrooges personality and features, the use of similes and other descriptive language all add to Scrooges nasty nature. To sum up what the reader is advance to feel in the first chapter is basic hatred for Scrooge.

Reasons to Make Capital Punishment Illegal Essay example -- Papers Arg

Capital penalty is one of the most debated topics in the ground today. Since colonial times, more than 13,000 people have been legally executed and a large percentage of these executions occurred during the early 1900s. In the 1930s, approximately 150 people were be legally executed each year. However, the number of executions started to decrease, as public outrage became apparent. Currently, over 3,500 people are on death row. The death penalty violates the octette Amendment because the act is cruel and singular, and because the punishment discriminates against the poor and the minorities, the punishment also violates the Fourteenth Amendment. Surprisingly, many victims on death row are mentally retarded or disabled. Unfortunately, the death penalty has many supporters, and their main claim to why the death penalty should be constitutional is that the death penalty is a deterrent to crime, provide d research has proved their claim to be false. The most disturbing factor of all is that a significant number of the inmates are innocent. For many reasons, capital punishment should be under-the-counter end-to-end the nation. Capital punishment is not acceptable because it is unconstitutional. Capital punishment has been proven to violate the Eighth Amendment, which is the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. It is also a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment, which guarantees equal protection of the laws and due process. The death penalty, which was legal with no objections through the 1900s, became a controversial issue in 1972. In 1972, the Furman vs. Georgia trial caused the Supreme Court to cancel hundreds of scheduled executions and t... ...lty is a cruel and unusual punishment, and secondly, the Fourteenth Amendment, since it displays unequal protection of the laws and due process. racial discrimination, sex discrimination, and socio-economic class disc rimination are factors that unfairly decide the death penalty. The last two reasons that support the claim that the death penalty should be illegal are the risks of executing an innocent person and the obvious fact that the death penalty does not deter crime. For these reasons, capital punishment should be illegal throughout the nation.BibliographyBedau, Peter. Death is Different. Massachusetts Northeastern University Press, 1987.Kaminer, Wendy. Its All the Rage Crime and Culture. New York Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1995.Vilbig, Peter. Innocent on Death Row. New York Times direct 18 Sept 2000 1-11.

Benjamin Franklin Essay examples -- essays research papers

gum benzoin Franklin     Benjamin Franklin was a remarkably talented man. He started his careeras a simple overboldspaperwoman apprentice, but went far beyond the printers shop. Hedeveloped products that were far beyond the time. The Franklin stove forexample, for cold winter nights and bifocal lenses for reading. Franklintracked push paths to help earn the wicked weather endured by thecolonies. His study of electricity made him most famous for he was kn confess aroundthe world as the inventor of the lightning rod. non only was Ben Franklinhelpful in developing ideas for better living, he was also a strong force indeveloping the new people of America. Benjamin Franklins political viewsshowed him to be a man who loved freedom and self- political relation. His views towardsBritain gradu totallyy changed from favor to disfavor until he finally became a revolutionary at the age of 70. But to a greater extent than just his political views help inthe establish ment of the United States. His common land sense, his whit, and his abilityto negotiate behind the scenes, all lent a hand in the formation of the newcountry across the sea. Franklins good humor and gift for compromise oftenhelped prevent rancor disputes which could have stalled the formation of the newgovernment.     Interestingly, Ben Franklin, who was a chief participant in the battlefor independence, had a lot to lose by it. (Wright 1986, page 204). He had aresidence in London and was influential in England. However, his love ofliberty and his desire to promote the well being of Pennsylvania pushed himtoward independence for the colonies. Franklin had to wrestle with hismoral sense over his admit private affairs. Also, since he was well respected inEngland, he was "the Establishment man-even if he felt now a deep queasiness on the introductory question What was the authority of Parliament over the Americancolonies?" (Wright, page 205). At first Fr anklin wanted the colonies to be andindependent free nation under the care and protecting umbrella of the BritishEmpire. "He had dream...of a great British Empire, gridding the globe, basedupon a commonwealth of free nations, each with its own laws, its own governmentand freedoms, but bound together by compact with the Crown for mutual benefit,mutual defense, and the propagation of English freedoms." (Schoenbrun 1976,p... ...ive impact favoring the colonist, it became more and more impossiblefor Britain to withstand the war its full attention. Britain needed a way out andFranklin played a key role. "Franklin was appointed in 1781 a commissioner tonegoiate the stop with Britain." (Ketcham 1994, page 1). Franklin was a verygood negotiator as "the North Ministry pushed through Parliament twoconciliatory bills that gave the Americans everything that Franklin had demandedin his peace negoiations." (Fleming 1972, page 299). Franklin had common sense,whit, and s kills that all helped bewilder favorable positions to the coloniesagainst Britain.     Finally, Benjamin Franklin portrays a man torn between his love ofBritain and a desire for liberty for the people of the new world. His greatesthope was for Britain to be the great, caring mother country that protected ayoung free nation across the sea. He was each country benefiting the other. Ofcourse, this could non happen so he made sure that the best for America would beinsured through his efforts to bring France to the aid of the Colonies and tofinally bring round a habitable peace between Britain and America. Benjamin Franklin Essay examples -- essays research papers Benjamin Franklin     Benjamin Franklin was a remarkably talented man. He started his careeras a simple printer apprentice, but went far beyond the printers shop. Hedeveloped products that were far beyond the time. The Franklin stove forexample, for cold winter nights and bifocal lenses for reading. Franklintracked storm paths to help understand the wicked weather endured by thecolonies. His study of electricity made him most famous for he was known aroundthe world as the inventor of the lightning rod. Not only was Ben Franklinhelpful in developing ideas for better living, he was also a strong force indeveloping the new nation of America. Benjamin Franklins political viewsshowed him to be a man who loved freedom and self-government. His views towardsBritain gradually changed from favor to disfavor until he finally became arevolutionist at the age of 70. But more than just his political views help inthe formation of the United States. His common sense, his whit, and his abilityto negotiate behind the scenes, all lent a hand in the formation of the newcountry across the sea. Franklins good humor and gift for compromise oftenhelped prevent bitter disputes which could have stalled the formation of the newgovernment.     Interesti ngly, Ben Franklin, who was a chief participant in the battlefor independence, had a lot to lose by it. (Wright 1986, page 204). He had aresidence in London and was influential in England. However, his love ofliberty and his desire to promote the well being of Pennsylvania pushed himtoward independence for the colonies. Franklin had to wrestle with hisconscience over his own private affairs. Also, since he was well respected inEngland, he was "the Establishment man-even if he felt now a deep unease on thebasic question What was the authority of Parliament over the Americancolonies?" (Wright, page 205). At first Franklin wanted the colonies to be andindependent free nation under the caring and protecting umbrella of the BritishEmpire. "He had dream...of a great British Empire, gridding the globe, basedupon a commonwealth of free nations, each with its own laws, its own governmentand freedoms, but bound together by compact with the Crown for mutual benefit,mutual defense, and the propagation of English freedoms." (Schoenbrun 1976,p... ...ive impact favoring the colonist, it became more and more impossiblefor Britain to give the war its full attention. Britain needed a way out andFranklin played a key role. "Franklin was appointed in 1781 a commissioner tonegoiate the peace with Britain." (Ketcham 1994, page 1). Franklin was a verygood negotiator as "the North Ministry pushed through Parliament twoconciliatory bills that gave the Americans everything that Franklin had demandedin his peace negoiations." (Fleming 1972, page 299). Franklin had common sense,whit, and skills that all helped bring favorable positions to the coloniesagainst Britain.     Finally, Benjamin Franklin portrays a man torn between his love ofBritain and a desire for liberty for the people of the new world. His greatesthope was for Britain to be the great, caring mother country that protected ayoung free nation across the sea. He was each cou ntry benefiting the other. Ofcourse, this could not happen so he made sure that the best for America would beinsured through his efforts to bring France to the aid of the Colonies and tofinally bring about a livable peace between Britain and America.

Free Great Gatsby Essays: The Ideal Self †Made Man :: Great Gatsby Essays

The Great Gatsby and the Ideal Self Made Man   In the same way that the all-embracing concept of the American Dream suffered certain degradation during the course of its historical development, so, too, the noble 19th century ideal of the self-made man was conveniently adapted to suit the moral climate of the 1920s. Referring to Fitzgeralds main character in his novel The Great Gatsby, the young James Gatz is obviously simulate in this aspect of personality upon Benjamin Franklin (1706 - 1790), who is often quoted as the earliest example of this particular type of homo americanus. As the youngster of a great family he soon went to work for his father, at the age of only ten after only two years of schooling. After his apprenticeship as a newspaperwoman he concentrated on educating himself manger reading. In 1818 Franklins Autobiography was published, which contains various enumerations of moral virtues he met with in his reading to arrive at moral perfection. His excogita tion was to acquire the habitude of all these virtues, so he found it better not to distract his attention by attempting the whole at once, except to set apart on one of them at a time, and if he should be master of that, he would proceed to another, and so on, till he should have gone trough them. These names of virtues, with their precepts, were TemperanceEat not to dullness drink not to elevation. SilenceSpeak not but what may benefit others or yourself turn away trifling conversation. OrderLet all your things have their places let each part of your business have its time. ResolutionResolve to perform what you ought perform without drop what you resolve. FrugalityMake no expense but do good to others or yourself i.e. waste nothing. IndustryLose no time be forever and a day employed in something useful cut off all unnecessary actions. SincerityUse no hurtful deceit think innocently and justly, and, if you plow, speak accordingly. JusticeWrong none by doing injuries, or committing the benefits that are your duty. ModerationAvoid extremes forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve. CleanlinessTolerate no uncleanliness in body, clothes, or habitation. TranquilityBe not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable. ChastityRarely use venery but for health or offspring, never to dullness, weakness, or the injury of your own or anothers peace or reputation.

A Hosts Hospitality Essay -- Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Essays

A Hosts HospitalityIn Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, an epic written in fourteenth century by a contemporary of Geoffrey Chaucer, we learn about a knight and his quest. Sir Gawain, sworn to seek the Green Knight as role of a deal, first finds himself in an enchanted and beautiful forest and then ushered into a beautiful castle of Bercilak, its host. Bercilaks court seems so like Arthurs that it appears to offer Gawain a familiar refuge in alien territory. The orderliness and beauty of the forest and the castle recall the civilized world of Arthurs court. Gawain is welcomed as warmly as if he has arrived at Camelot. The abundant hospitality and congeniality of the host and servants are clear in this scene, and they put Gawain at ease. First, the porter at Bercilaks castle assures Gawain that a baronial knight such as he will not want for a welcome(SGGK l. 814). Next, the host welcomes him whole-heartedly and lays all that he owns at Gawains disposal. He alike sends a servant to s ee to Gawains needs, makes sure he slips into something more comfortable, rests and eats. To...

The Heroism of Dying for Ones Country in Poetry Essay -- William Shak

The Heroism of Dying for Ones Country in PoetryThe Volunteer is a Pro-War poem write by Herbert Asquith. Asquithuses roman imagery to invoke a feeling of greatness and honour.Asquith begins his poem by describing the miserable, mundane life of aclerk, working in a city grey. He opens with the words Here liesthat are normally used to begin writing on a gravestone. Thisepitaph - style inception gives the idea that the clerk has now passed by and the poem will concentrate on events onwardhand. We are toldthe clerk has spent half his life doing boring work (..Toiling atledgers..), his days drifting away. There is a unequivocal lack offulfilment in his life, ..With no lance broken in lifes tournament(Lance is roman imagery)And yet he dreams of ..The gleaming eagles of the legions.. andhorsemen ..thundering past beneath the oriflamme.. (or battle flag.)Asquith cleverly uses the expression ..The gleaming eagles of thelegions.. to conjure up ideas in the reviewers mind of great gleaming roman soldiers. This adds to the ideology that war is a glamorous andnoble thing.In his second stanza, Asquith tells us that ..those waiting dreamsare satisfied.. Obviously, the clerk has joined the army. He talks of..waiting dreams.. giving the impression that the clerk has dreamtof this for a very long time. He goes on to say ..From twilight tothe halls of dawn he went.. I think what he means is that the clerkhas gone from his dull city to a new, brighter beginning. And althoughhe died he is happy. ..His lance is broken but he lies content..Because in that high hour in which he lived and died he achievedsomething he had dreamt of forever. Asquith also mentions that the ... ...er uses images of death and an epitaph style openingto convey the message of a valiant death. I dont think that devisingthe reader think of death will inspire him or her to fight for their rude at all. Dulce est Decorum Est is the most effective poem ofthe three. Its usage of vivid and horrific imagery coul d make anypatriotic citizen think again before going to war. The structure ofthe poem is extremely well thought out because it begins to getextremely shocking in the final stanza, almost certainly making thereader sway away from the honourable image he or she had of war beforereading. It then finishes with labelling Dulce et decorum est Propatria mori a lie. This is intelligent because the reader is at hismost easily influenced after reading the horrific description in thefinal stanza and therefore is more likely to agree with this point.

Dead Man Walking Essay examples -- essays research papers

Dead Man WalkingThe direct Dead Man Walking is a film about redemption. The film is directed by Tim Robbins. Susan Sarandon plays a Nun called babe HelenPrejean. She is asked by a convicted murderer to get him a lawyer, and thenlater is asked to be his spiritual advisor. The convicted grampus is namedMatthew Poncelet, and he is played by Sean Penn. The film is set in theAngola state penitentiary, in Louisiana. Matthew Poncelet first asks her to get him a lawyer so he dissolve repeal his Death sentence. Sister Helen gets him alawyer, but they fail after several good attempts to get him off death row.Sister Helen begins to come to him around every day after Poncelet asks herto be his spiritual advisor on the day of his death. During this phase of thefilm Sister Helen tries to get Poncelet to tell her about his have got life. Poncelettells her about his life and why he was put on death row. Poncelet wasconvicted along with another man in the murder of the youth and a young woman afterraping the girl. Sister Helen is very sympathetic and is also looked downupon for this reason. Though she is repressed she motionless goes on helpingPoncelet and she digs around in his feelings and soul. Sister Helen eventuallyfinds a good soul in Matthew Poncelet, a person no one else knows. Matthew constantly denies to Sister Helen, himself, and to God that he hadcommitted his horrifying crime. Poncelet continues to blame his problems onother things such as his father dying early in his life, his drug use, hisimmaturity, and that he was unable to stand up to his checkmate in the brutalcrime. Sister Helen urges Poncelet to come clean and face the part that hetook in the crime. And at nearly the last minutes of the film he tells thetruth. Though he tells the truth of his sin, he is still put to death by lethalinjection.The enjoyment of this film, I believe, was to show that capital punishmentis not right in all circumstances, but the redemption and preservation of thehuman soul being better. Tim Robbins tried to show how most concourse andeven much accurate, Christian people tend to always want vengeance for acrime. Most of them have a line from the old testament committed tomemory, An philia for an eye, is what they always want to say. But it reallyconfuses me. To me that saying is not clear, if you think about it, i... ...n church. I read the Bible,though not as much as I should, but the Eye for an Eye part has alwaysconfused me. If the Bible states, Thou shall not kill, then why does it justifythe killing of a person who has killed before. I believe that God loves all hischildren. If people are really followers of Christ, they will learn from himhow to forgive people for their faults and mistakes during life. If the peoplein the film would have stopped and though what it would be like to be inPoncelets shoes, maybe they would feel different about the death penalty.He was in jail facing lethal injection. Im sure if they thought about it theywou ld not want to be killed, but then the people who Poncelet had killed didnot have a choice, they had death forced on them. This film does a great jobof showing both sides of the capitol punishment controversy. I heap see howpeople think killing someone who has killed is a good thing. It keeps theperson off the streets and from killing again. Though is it really justice?I still believe that people can be evil, but people can also be cleansed. Ibelieve this film has a dramatic point, and the purpose is pretty clear toanyone who may watch it.

The Heroism of Dying for Ones Country in Poetry Essay -- William Shak

The Heroism of Dying for Ones Country in PoetryThe Volunteer is a Pro-War poem indite by Herbert Asquith. Asquithuses roman imagery to invoke a feeling of greatness and honour.Asquith begins his poem by describing the miserable, mundane life of aclerk, working in a city grey. He opens with the words Here liesthat are normally used to begin writing on a gravestone. Thisepitaph - style origin gives the idea that the clerk has now passedoutside and the poem will concentrate on events soonerhand. We are toldthe clerk has spent half his life doing boring work (..Toiling atledgers..), his days drifting away. There is a apparent lack offulfilment in his life, ..With no lance broken in lifes tournament(Lance is roman imagery)And yet he dreams of ..The gleaming eagles of the legions.. andhorsemen ..thundering past beneath the oriflamme.. (or battle flag.)Asquith smartly uses the expression ..The gleaming eagles of thelegions.. to conjure up ideas in the reviewers mind of great gleamingro man soldiers. This adds to the ideology that war is a glamorous andnoble thing.In his second stanza, Asquith tells us that ..those waiting dreamsare satisfied.. Obviously, the clerk has joined the army. He talks of..waiting dreams.. giving the impression that the clerk has dreamtof this for a very long time. He goes on to say ..From twilight tothe halls of dawn he went.. I think what he means is that the clerkhas gone from his dull city to a new, brighter beginning. And althoughhe died he is happy. ..His lance is broken but he lies content..Because in that high hour in which he lived and died he achievedsomething he had dreamt of forever. Asquith also mentions that the ... ...er uses images of death and an epitaph style openingto convey the message of a valiant death. I dont think that devisingthe reader think of death will inspire him or her to fight for their field at all. Dulce est Decorum Est is the most effective poem ofthe three. Its usage of vivid and horrific imagery could make anypatriotic citizen think again before going to war. The structure ofthe poem is extremely well thought out because it begins to getextremely shocking in the final stanza, almost certainly making thereader sway away from the honourable image he or she had of war beforereading. It then finishes with labelling Dulce et decorum est Propatria mori a lie. This is intelligent because the reader is at hismost easily influenced after reading the horrific description in thefinal stanza and therefore is more likely to agree with this point.

Dead Man Walking Essay examples -- essays research papers

Dead Man WalkingThe assume Dead Man Walking is a film near redemption. The film is tell by Tim Robbins. Susan Sarandon plays a Nun called Sister HelenPrejean. She is asked by a convicted murderer to get him a lawyer, and thenlater is asked to be his spiritual advisor. The convicted killer is namedMatthew Poncelet, and he is played by Sean Penn. The film is set in theAngola state penitentiary, in Louisiana. Matthew Poncelet first asks her to get him a lawyer so he can elevate his Death sentence. Sister Helen gets him alawyer, but they fail by and by several good attempts to get him off death row.Sister Helen begins to come to him almost both day after Poncelet asks herto be his spiritual advisor on the day of his death. During this phase of thefilm Sister Helen tries to get Poncelet to tell her about his own life. Poncelettells her about his life and why he was put on death row. Poncelet wasconvicted along with a nonher man in the murder of the youth and a girl afterraping the girl. Sister Helen is very sympathetic and is also looked downupon for this reason. though she is repressed she still goes on helpingPoncelet and she digs around in his feelings and soul. Sister Helen eventuallyfinds a good soul in Matthew Poncelet, a someone no one else knows. Matthew constantly denies to Sister Helen, himself, and to God that he hadcommitted his horrible crime. Poncelet continues to hellish his problems onother things such as his father dying early in his life, his drug use, hisimmaturity, and that he was unable to stand up to his partner in the brutalcrime. Sister Helen urges Poncelet to come clean and face the part that hetook in the crime. And at nearly the last minutes of the film he tells thetruth. Though he tells the truth of his sin, he is still put to death by lethalinjection.The purpose of this film, I remember, was to show that capital punishmentis not justifiedly in all circumstances, but the redemption and preservation of thehuman soul being bette r. Tim Robbins tried to show how most people andeven more accurate, Christian people tend to ever so want vengeance for acrime. Most of them have a line from the old testament committed tomemory, An eye for an eye, is what they always want to say. But it reallyconfuses me. To me that saying is not clear, if you think about it, i... ...n church. I read the Bible,though not as much as I should, but the Eye for an Eye part has alwaysconfused me. If the Bible states, Thou shall not kill, then why does it justifythe killing of a person who has killed before. I believe that God loves all hischildren. If people are really followers of Christ, they will learn from himhow to forgive people for their faults and mistakes during life. If the peoplein the film would have stopped and though what it would be like to be inPoncelets shoes, maybe they would feel different about the death penalty.He was in jail facing lethal injection. Im sure if they thought about it theywould not want to be killed , but then the people who Poncelet had killed didnot have a choice, they had death forced on them. This film does a great jobof showing both sides of the capitol punishment controversy. I can perk howpeople think killing someone who has killed is a good thing. It keeps theperson off the streets and from killing again. Though is it really justice?I still believe that people can be evil, but people can also be cleansed. Ibelieve this film has a dramatic point, and the purpose is picturesque clear toanyone who may watch it.

“Examine the reasons for changes in the patterns of marriage, divorce and cohabitation over the past 40 years.” Essay

The patterns of marriage, come a disjoint and cohabitation over the past 40 years has varied quite significantly. In 1972, the highest eer bite of couples (480,000) since the Second World War got married. Now, obviously there is a source for this.According to the Office for National Statistics (ONS), this was due to the baby boom multiplication of the 1950s reaching marriageable age and these nation choosing to unify at a younger age comp ared with front coevalss.However, after this period, the soma of marriages in England and Wales and then went into decline. Most recently, marriages reached an all-time low in 2005 when only 244,710 couples got married. Some volume would say that it reached so low because people are rejecting marriage and are no longer bothered about it. But in fact, statistics reveal that many people are actually delaying marriage. It is said that most people get out marry at some point in their lie withs, but people are deciding to marry later in bi ography, most kindredly after a period of cohabitation.A reason for this is probably because couples want to Test the water originally they make any commit workforcets. Evidence to support the marrying later in life view is that the average age for first-time bridges in 2003 was 29 years and for all grooms 31 years, compared with 22 for women and 24 for men in 1971. In crabbed women may want to delay marriage so they can advance their career prospects. As well as a decline in the center number of marriages, there is in any case a decline in marriage rates (the number of people marrying per 1000 of the population aged 16 and over). In 1994, the marriage rate was 11.4 but this had declined to 10.3 by 2004.The male rate declined from 36.3 in 1994 to 27.8 in 2004 whilst the female rate declined from 30.6 to 24.6. Once again, even though there is a decline, British Social Attitude Surveys indicate that most people, whether single, divorced or cohabitating, still see marriage as a de sirable life-goal, and therefore will most likely will get married at some point in the future, particularly if they are having children, because they believe that this is best done in the context of marriage.Another change in the patterns of marriage is that two fifths of all marriages are remarriages, in which one or both partners demand been divorced. These people are obviously committed to the institution of marriage despite their previous negative experience of it. The reason for this tr force out could possibly because their first marriages were empty-shell marriages.This is where there is no get by or intimacy between them, but the marriage persists for the sake of the children until they are old enough. They then might have wanted to start a overbold life, including a re-marriage. Despite the decrease in the overall number of people marrying, married couples are still the main type of partnership for men and women in the UK. In 2005, seven in ten families were headed by a married couple.In terms of Divorce the legal ending of a marriage, this has increased rapidly since 1969 due to a piece of legislation that granted divorce on the basis of irretrievable breakdown the Divorce Reform Act of 1969. In addition, since 1984, couples have been able to petition for divorce after the first anniversary of their marriage.This law made the Divorce rate shoot high because it generally made it easier and cheaper to end marriages. In addition, people were finally able to legally to end all connections, as previously when divorce was either too expensive or operose to obtain, separation was very common, which was when a couple decided to live away from each other.To go into more than detail of the make out of increased divorces, in 1993, the number of divorces peaked at 180,000. By 2000, this figure had fallen to 154,000, although the years 2001 2004 have seen a gradual rise to 167,100. There are now nearly half(a) as many divorces as marriages and, if pre sent trends continue, about 40% of current marriages will end in divorce.An acceptable reason for this increasing trend of divorce is that it is no longer associated with stigma and shame. Britains culture is based upon Christian religion, and Christians believe that marriage is for life (till death do us part). However, over years, changes in attitudes and profaneisation have emerged, and the view that divorce can lead to greater happiness for the individual is more acceptable.A third reason which could explain the increasing divorce rates is down to women wanting to improve educational and career opportunities. In 1870, the Education Act passed by Gladstones government meant that every child between the ages of five and fifteen had the opportunity for elementary education.Not only did this produce a large literate generation of people, but it also improved the girls reading and writing ability, which previously was much lower than boys. Now, women have their own stable careers wi th a good wage, and thus do not have to be unhappily married because they are financially dependent on their husband. Feminists note that womens expectations of marriage have radically changed, compared with previous generations. In the 1990s, most divorce petitions were put forward by women.This may support Thornes and Collards (1979) view that women expect far more from marriage than men and, in particular, that they value friendship and emotional gratification more than then do. If husbands fail to love up to these expectations, women may feel the need to look elsewhere. This would also support the fact that, on average, the number of divorce proceedings started by women is about 70%. Finally, functionalist sociologists argue that high divorce rates are licence that marriage is increasingly valued and that people are demanding higher standards from their partners.They believe that couples are no longer prepared to put up with unhappy, empty-shell marriages, as people want emotio nal and sexual compatibility and equality, as well as companionship. It is said that some are even willing to go through a number of partners to achieve these goals, and if they marry every time they meet a new partner, then obviously they are going to contribute a lot more to the rising divorce rates.The final area of the diverse family is cohabitation. The basic trend of cohabitation is that it is on the increase and has been for the last decade. The proportion of non-married people cohabiting has risen sharply in the last 20 years from 11% of men and 13% of women in 1986 to 24% and 25% respectively. In 2007, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) suggested that cohabiting couples are the fastest ontogenesis family type in the UK. In fact, around 2.2 million families are cohabiting couples with or without children.This family type has grown by 65% since 1997, and really, the numbers are likely to be higher than this because the ONS data did not include same-sex couples living t ogether. In addition, the ONS data suggested that a third of teenagers in 2007 were destined to cohabit rather than marry, compared with one in ten of their grandparents. As we gathered that the general trend is on the increase, its good to know the reasons why.One of the first reasons, which I mentioned earlier on, is that people like to cohabit to test the water. During this period, they will assess whether they (the couple) are compatible with each other and whether they will be able to live with each other before making any sort of commitments. After all, cohabitation on average lasts for 5 years, which then 60% of cohabitees will then marry.Another reason for the said trend is that there are a significant number of people who live together whilst waiting for a divorce. For example, in 2005, 23% of cohabiting men were separated from a pervious partner whilst 36% were divorced. So although a person may be married, they may have separated and moved into another house to live with a person they have met. They will then be counted as a cohabitee. A third reason for the increased rate of cohabitation could be because people are put off the cost of marriage.According to Wedding Guide UK, the average cost of a traditional wedding in the UK is around 11,000. In addition to the price, some people are also put off because of the religious ceremony of marriage. This is because overtime we have become a more secular society. Both of these factors to some people will refrain them from marrying, because in their eyes they see it as long as they are with each other in a happy and loving relationship, they dont need a ring or a piece of paper with their names on it.

Strategic Management and Swot Analysis

Contents I. INTRODUCTION a. Brand Extension for LOREAL II. LITERATURE REVIEW a. Ansoff Matrix b. fig out Analysis c. BCG Matrix III. REFLECTIVE STATEMENT IV. REFERENCES Brand Extension for LOREAL Brand consultation takes place whenever a company wants to enter a advanced securities industry by using the name of one of its existing taints, rather than using a newfound one. Especially the luxury sector takes advantage of its long-familiar brand names when it comes to launching new merchandises into new markets (Kapferer, 2008, p. 295).The popularity of brand extension strategy is due to the belief that it leads to higher consumer trial than the use of a new brand name because of the awareness levels of the brand name being leveraged (Keller, 2003, p. 582). LOreal as a global brand is known for high quality enhancive considerablys like make-up and hairsbreadth care products for women, men and kids. Its mission Beauty for all connects with the companys slogan Because youre wor th it, which is used in virtually both single LOreal advertisement.To identify all the different products of the brands portfolio they utilize the same logo for all of their goods by adapting to the specific scope (LOreal homepage, 2012). Considering LOreals image of good appearance we decided to extend the brand by entering a new market with a new product. The diversification LOreal shoes should be placed in the customer products area with a tar crush group of professional women. The leather shoes should be available for middle to high income consumers. Though the price is affordable for this group of customers the quality is still high.With this strategy we want to cover the needs of the existing customers and authorize out for new potential clients. On one hand we intend to increase our sales and profits on the some other hand we use the good reputation of LOreal to get our new product connected to the values of the umbrella brand. To make sure that we created a new logo kee ping the handed-down LOreal letters with a reference to the shoe sector as shown in (image 1). Meanwhile, we forecast that LOreal shoes can strengthen the global brand in future.Image 1 Traditional LOreal letters mentioning the new sector Brief Literature Review Before putting theory into practice every company needs to consider its internal and external situation. In this part, three marketing theories will be applied to LOREAL. These are The Ansoff matrix, the jampack analytic thinking and the BCG matrix. Ansoff matrix is a model that helps firms to outline the range of marketing options open to them (Riley, 2012). LOreal shoes classified as a diversification was made harmonise to the Ansoff matrix.A diversification is described as a new product for a new market. LOreal added shoes to its existing product range, left the skin and hair care market and entered the new footwear area. Image 2 Ansoff matrix With the SWOT Analysis we could discover our strengths and weaknesses, and identify both the opportunities and the threats for LOreal. In other words, as Renault stated A SWOT is to reveal positive forces that work together and potential problems that need to be addressed or at least(prenominal) al funkyd.Comparing the strengths to the weaknesses for LOreal shoes we have to mention that the variety of suppliers and the competitive quality price relation of the product overweight the missing expertise in the shoe sector. The opportunity of using the strong image of LOreal and the fact that there are no other middle price shoes in our own umbrella brand product range can be used to attract new customers. Taking into account that the economic situation has changed and heap are not willing to spend as much as they did before the recession took place (Price, 2012).Using the BCG Matrix a company can recognize if a product is profitable or not. It can be helpful if a company has to decide whether investing additional resources in a accepted product or service s. There are four categories beated to the relative market share and market emersion rate star, cash cow, poor dog, school principal mark (Lu Zhao, 2006). A star is a product with a high market share and a high market growth rate. With this kind of product the company gains r purgeue. Therefore, a star can be used to declare weaker sectors. These products with a low market growth rate and a low market share are called poor dogs.Cash cows are well-established with a high market share but as the market growth rate is low the company has to be aware of limited opportunities. Those limitations do not exist for question marks as they are located in high growth markets with a low market share. These unknown new products like Loreal shoes do have the potential to establish and become stars or even cash cows. In future they could be able to promote weaker sectors and create a trade-off (Lu Zaho, 2006) I found another website to reference these two paragraphs From which website did yo u get this? gt According to the Inter realise Center for Management and Business Administration (2012) the BSG matrix is limited. The different products in a companys portfolio cannot be taken as independent they are related to each other. This has to be taken into consideration when it comes to the question whether you keep or you eliminate a product. Reflective Statement To develop the topic we firstly did some research just about the definition of brand extension and LOreal as a company.We discovered that creating a brand extension for LOreal is a difficult task as the umbrella brand already covers a lot of sectors in the beauty and care area. We thought about a product that would fit into the enterprises image of beauty and decided to choose shoes for middle-aged professional women. We looked into several marketing theories to support our decision such as the SWOT analysis, Ansoff matrix, and the BCG matrix. However, we discovered that The SWOT analysis is the most helpful theo ry for our research.Since LOREAL shoes classified as diversification, the SWOT analysis helped us to discover our brands current strengths and weaknesses as well as the potential opportunities and threats that we might find in the future. This made it easier for us to set our brands short term and long term goals. References Collett, S. (1999). Business Planning, E-journal of SWOT Analysis, 33(29), 58. Retrieved November 05, 2012, from http//jr3tv3gd5w. search. serialssolutions. com/ Hussey, D. (1999). Strategic Change, E-journal of Igor Ansoffs Continuing Contribution to Strategic Management, 8(7), 05.Retrieved November 06, 2012, from http//onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1002/(SICI)1099-1697(199911)87%3C375AID-JSC462%3E3. 0. CO2-U/pdf Kapferer, J. N. (2008). The New Strategic Brand Management Advanced Insights and Strategic Thinking. London Kogan Page. Keller, Kevin L. (2003). Strategic Brand Management. (2nd ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall. Lu, H. & Zhao, L. (2006). integrate GIS AND BCG MODEL FOR MARKETING STRATEGIC PLANNING. 14(18), 02-04. Retrieved November 06, 2012, from http//iceb. nccu. edu. tw/proceedings/APDSI/2006/718-725. df Price, E. (2012). A reduction in European over-consumption will be undone by any Eurozone solution. Retrieved November 01, 2012, from http//blogs. lse. ac. uk/europpblog/2012/07/23/eurozone-over-consumption/ Riley, J. (2012). Ansoff Matrix. Retrieved November 07, 2012, from http//www. tutor2u. net/business/strategy/ansoff_matrix. htm Renault, V. (n. d. ). SWOT Analysis Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Retrieved November 08, 2012, from http//ctb. ku. edu/en/tablecontents/sub_section_main_1049. aspx

Independent Employer Essay

An self-supporting wador is the worker whose taxes are non withheld or paid by the employer.Joshua is an free-lance contractor not an employee. Elements such as behavioral, financial and type of employment relationship will help us in determining who Joshua is. First, the Ark Bark has no full control over what Joshua does. This is evident from the point that he shut up deals with the other business enterprises as the sales somebody and even the VP of the lodge Fred overwhelm accepts the fact the Joshua makes his own decisions about his work in the go with. Schneir and James (1999) view a person whose duties are not controlled by the company as an separatist contractor.Dealing with the financial issue, we can vividly see that the business aspects of Joshuas job are not fully controlled by the Ark Bark. Though, there is a crook of confusion in this area because Ark Bark chipped in to foot the travel expenses, business cards among others. These are just minor expenses. If he w as an employee, he could have got not incurred the greater business expenses, instead the employer could. The type of employment relationship also confirms that Joshua is an independent contractor. First there is no written contract for the contract between the two parties.Broadhurst Emily holds that, even though one can enter into a contract with the employee even minus a written document, it is mandatory that the person be provided with the staff handbook. Joshuas claim that he was still winding up with the former companies was illogical for an employee. For one to be an employee, the contract between the employee and the employer is neer gradual. Therefore, the fact that he accepted the contract while still holding onto the other jobs indicates that he was an independent contractor, who is not under any obligation of Ark Bark. What the company could do to make Joshua an independent contractor.If the company had an intention of making Joshua an independent contractor, they ough t to have laid a better business contract for him. It was the duty of the company to keep to the employment Act of 1963 (passed in 1972 Act). This Act defines employees must be given written evidence on the major issues related to terms of employment, this implicate the mode of payment. This could have saved the controversies erupting over with the $2,500 was a salary or commission The company could as well fill the form SS-8 (PDF) with IRS to be received about the work status of Joshua for the purposes of taxation.According to Barry and Jeffrey (1992), the form critically reviews the workers status based on the circumstances of employment. It was unnecessary for the company to provide other serve like paying for printed stationery and business cards and travel expenses, when they intended to make him an independent contractor. Doing this creates some confusion since for an independent contractor the company should not provide any tool of operation for the worker. This kind of co nfusion is tackled in Philip Inmans (1999) scheme regarding payment between contractors and the employers. Are there ethical issues in the companys action?No, there are no ethical issues involved. The way the company is trying to treat the man is unethical, according George Richards (1999) suasion on business ethics, even if the contract was made orally, it was better for the business to provide a staff handbook or any other written material indicating the terms of employment. The company breached law of a fair employment contract. Actually, if the intention of the company was to have Joshua as an independent contractor, what was the need of terminating his services when he claimed that he was winding down his links with the former companies?This is ethically unaccepted because it leads to harassment. According to Bowie, Norma (1999), business should not be accompanied with harassment. It is not very iron out that why Joshua was terminated. But the obvious reason is due to the poo r relationship between him and the company. Broadhurst Emily (2005) argues that such an act is unlawful since the law provides protection against unfair dismissal. opposite than terminating his services, the company could have embarked on solving grievances at the work place as described by Broadhurst Emily. This could better their relationship instead.Is there room to manipulate the relationship? Yes there is room to make things different, but very limited. I say very limited because, Joshua is already out of Ark Bark company. If he was still a worker in the company, the company could simply revise the relationship bit, translate the contract in writing and forward details to the IRS. This could justify whether Joshua is an independent contractor or not. At the same time, I say that there is limited room since there are no legal issues preventing Joshua from re-applying to be an employer of the company. The supremacy or failure of the re-union lies with the two parties.

Fashions

A particular make, a shape ,a style ,or a pattern followed by most of the spate may be called a fashion . Let includes clothing ,hairstyles furniture literature, Jewelry and many other things. Style is the man, claims Saints-Beebe, whizz of Matthew Arnolds heroes. The above cited quote is one of Matthew Arnolds intellectual stances. Some sight believe that life is not worth-living without fashion. Everybody wants to appear fashionable and stylish, and he spends lots of money on his hairstyle, beauty products, dress intention and shoes. agencys go on changing. One fashion that is in today may be outdated tomorrow. Fashions have been in the world since the beginning of human civilization. Fashion industry is not a new thing in todays world. Thousands and millions of people depend upon changing passions for their livelihood. We are shaped and fashioned by what we love. Moan Wolfgang) Fashions commonly take their origin in the western United States. In Pakistan also, there are par ties and social gatherings in which people try to outdo one another by their fashions and styles.From the west these fashions reach the third-world countries. By the time people of the poor countries adopt these fashions, the westerns discard them and eve on to the others, and thus the fashion industry goes on flourishing. Media has also contributed a lot towards fashions and fads. There are fashion shows, beauty contests and dress designing competitions in the form of catwalk shows, TV dramas especially soap serials on different impart like Star Plus. Movies and music shows have also triggered the fashion craze among the different classes of people.Fashions and styles make us look attractive and different from other people but, according to Aloud Huxley, it is our inner-self or soul that makes us beautiful or ugly. If we are red, depressed or morally decayed, our outward appearance will do nothing but reflect our soul. It is actually the purity and beauty of our soul that makes our skin glow and our eyes shine. Fashions are then only a cover or a cover that hides our reality and make us look attractive outwardly.Fashion is a form of ugliness so intolerable that we have to interpolate it every six months. (Oscar Wiled) The craze of fashions is mostly found among women and youngsters. A visit to college of today would indeed be an interesting experiment for those who wish to know something close the influence of fashion on men . Boys as well as girls spend oftentimes of their time on toilet . Female students go twain steps further . Fashion they regard as their special right . Girls have a natural and inborn love of pretty dresses and in college they name a real opportunity .Girls spend a great deal of their money on powder, cream and lipstick. Scents and perfumes are used by these Toilets to excite and tinge their Romeos. Evidently such boys and girls do not take their studies seriously the They may forget the formulae of mathematics but they dont forg et the names of the films. It is quite natural with women to embellish themselves. They hooked, however, give more importance to the purity of their soul than to their outward appearance.Beauty products, parlors, costly costumes and dandy shoes will not add to our attractiveness as much as do our peace of mind, contentment of our soul and spiritual happiness. We should not, therefore, imitate the westerns or other people because the western culture and civilization are grok and the people there are spiritually dead. I recall here the saying by a famous writer who says we may have a fashion of our own if we retain our naturalness, innocence, and purity of heart and soul. Fashions fade, style is eternal. (Saint Laurent)

Romeo & Juliet Theme Essay

Romeo and Juliet is a classic play by William Shakespe be about a pair of star-crossed dearestrs whose passion eventually drives them to their unfortunate demolitions. Since the theme in The disaster of Romeo and Juliet is Love as a Cause of Violence, it is easy to see why Shakespeare uses that thematic focus to show how Romeo and Juliets warmth for virtuoso another(prenominal) abnormal the outcome of their relationship. Most of the time, being in whap makes people very over dramatic. When they lose someone they fare, certain people tend to regain that their lives are over and they cant go on. This happens a lot in Romeo and Juliet.For example, when Romeo is exiled from Verona, he overreacts completely and goes to complain to the Friar. He says that being banished is just say death by another name. He whines and utters that he would rather die than be away from his dear Juliet. Also, after Romeo is rejected by his first heat Rosaline, he thinks that there is no one else in the world that can ever compare to her, even though he falls in live with Juliet curtly after. Another example of this over dramatic behavior was when Juliet heard news of Romeos banishment. She considered Romeos banishment even worse than her own full cousins deathOver dramatic behavior is just one of the things that makes love turn into violence. This play also demonstrates the effect love can cave in on decision making. Love can be very blinding especially in Romeo and Juliets case. They both make many rash and dodgy choices because their love clouded their ability to think wisely. An example of one of these rash, terrible decisions was when Romeo bought the poison from a pharmacist/apothecary. He should have considered all of his options before straightaway spring to the conclusion that he had to kill himself.This theme also came up when Juliet stated, I long to die if what thou speakst speak not of remedy. (Shakespeare, correspond IIII shot I) She said this to Friar L awrence complaining that if he cant find her a way out of marrying Paris, she will kill herself. This is significant because it shows how her love for Romeo made her think violently, even though she didnt follow through with what she said she would do. Lastly, Juliet stabbing herself with Romeos dagger at the end of the play showed how being without Romeo was unbelievable for her.Finally, the reoccurring theme of Love as a Cause of Violence is main(prenominal)ly in this play because without it, the audience underestimates the true power of Romeo and Juliets love for one another. The theme is what caused the dramatic, tragic ending to the play Romeo and Juliet. The double suicide was what ended the conflict between the two feuding families and showed how love is the source of all or approximately of the violence that occurs in The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. Romeo and Juliet arent the only ones who died because of love either.Lady Montague died of grieving for her banished son wh om she loved exceedingly, and Tybalt died because Romeo killed him out of rage from losing his beloved best sensation Mercutio. As you can see, the main theme of Love as a Cause of Violence is prevalent throughout the entire play of Romeo and Juliet. The power that love contains deeds in many different ways. In The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, love causes overly dramatic behavior, lack of quality judgment, and most of all, particularly violent actions and thoughts by the main and minor characters.Romeo & Juliet Theme EssayRomeo and Juliet is a classic play by William Shakespeare about a pair of star-crossed lovers whose passion eventually drives them to their unfortunate deaths. Since the theme in The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet is Love as a Cause of Violence, it is easy to see why Shakespeare uses that thematic focus to show how Romeo and Juliets love for one another affected the outcome of their relationship. Most of the time, being in love makes people very over dramatic. When they lose someone they love, certain people tend to think that their lives are over and they cant go on. This happens a lot in Romeo and Juliet.For example, when Romeo is exiled from Verona, he overreacts completely and goes to complain to the Friar. He says that being banished is just saying death by another name. He whines and utters that he would rather die than be away from his dear Juliet. Also, after Romeo is rejected by his first love Rosaline, he thinks that there is no one else in the world that can ever compare to her, even though he falls in love with Juliet shortly after. Another example of this over dramatic behavior was when Juliet heard news of Romeos banishment. She considered Romeos banishment even worse than her own cousins deathOver dramatic behavior is just one of the things that makes love turn into violence. This play also demonstrates the effect love can have on decision making. Love can be very blinding especially in Romeo and Juliets case. They both made man y rash and dangerous choices because their love clouded their ability to think wisely. An example of one of these rash, terrible decisions was when Romeo bought the poison from a pharmacist/apothecary. He should have considered all of his options before immediately jumping to the conclusion that he had to kill himself.This theme also came up when Juliet stated, I long to die if what thou speakst speak not of remedy. (Shakespeare, Act IIII Scene I) She said this to Friar Lawrence complaining that if he cant find her a way out of marrying Paris, she will kill herself. This is significant because it shows how her love for Romeo made her think violently, even though she didnt follow through with what she said she would do. Lastly, Juliet stabbing herself with Romeos dagger at the end of the play showed how being without Romeo was unthinkable for her.Finally, the reoccurring theme of Love as a Cause of Violence is mainly in this play because without it, the audience underestimates the t rue power of Romeo and Juliets love for one another. The theme is what caused the dramatic, tragic ending to the play Romeo and Juliet. The double suicide was what ended the conflict between the two feuding families and showed how love is the source of all or most of the violence that occurs in The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. Romeo and Juliet arent the only ones who died because of love either.Lady Montague died of grieving for her banished son whom she loved exceedingly, and Tybalt died because Romeo killed him out of rage from losing his beloved best friend Mercutio. As you can see, the main theme of Love as a Cause of Violence is prevalent throughout the entire play of Romeo and Juliet. The power that love contains works in many different ways. In The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, love causes overly dramatic behavior, lack of quality judgment, and most of all, particularly violent actions and thoughts by the main and minor characters.

Buddhism in America

Buddhism is above all the religion of illumination. It seeks to aid those who study and practice at its feet to break throughout all that shag fetter or delude in the monarchy of conditi championd significantity, and become free in Nirvana, Unconditi unmatchedd Reality. Buddhism does this by leading one to identify the cardinal Noble Truths the Buddha himself discovered some twenty-five hundred years ago on the eve of his enlightenment. Beneath the numerous sectarian forms and rich accruals the faith of the pundit One has acquired in its journeys through numerous civilizations and many a(prenominal) centuries, Buddhism til nowtually depends on these principles.First, life as it is typically lived is unsatisfactory, shot through with anxiety, suffering, and insignificance. Second, this state is the result of attachments or desires, for in a universe of frequent flux and change, seeking to cling to anything from the grossest passion to the subtlest idol of the mind to the idea o f being a permanent unwrap self can never bring anything further sorrow in the end. Third, the condition of suffering and desire can be struck at its fate of origin t here can be an end to desire. Fourth, that can be attained by following the Eightfold Path, which culminates in Right Concentration or Meditation.For meditation is the condition of mind that reverses the minds ordinary outflow toward entangling objects of sensory or mental attachment. social disease has been the best-known form of Buddhism in America. This is first of all since it has been better off(predicate) in producing a remarkable series of advocates on these shores Soyen Shaku, Nyogen Senzaki, above all D. T. Suzuki. That in turn owes to venereal infections relative tolerance and emphasis on humanistic culture and education in its homelands, and its relation to China and Japans gravid custom of arts and letters.But it is also no doubt true that no early(a) account of Buddhism would make up communicated itself quite so well to the American mind. window panes boast of breaking through words and philosophies in favor of direct pointing and immediate experience, its artistic minimalism and sonorousness with nature, all appealed to major strands of American consciousness. Senzaki, certainly, considered Zen none other than the American practicality of William James or John Dewey in another guise Rick Fields, 1992, p14.Yet that other guise was not without significance, for while Zen could hark to the American computes of ease and self-reliance, it also offered entree into another world of spiritual and cultural wonders, from the inscrutable Zen riddles or koans to the Zen-related martial arts. Zens draw for Americans has lain first in its spiritual efficiency, second in its combination of otherness and homeliness. Its greatest spokesman in the West, D. T. Suzuki, like his disciple Alan Watts, keep down the mix with a sure hand, offering the reader now a whiff of the exotic, now a su pportive correlation with a motif of the West.Different aspects of Zen take for appealed to diverse segments or generations of Americans. The age of Soyen Shaku and Senzaki Nyogen was, to judge from their own words, eager to hear of the sensibleness of Buddhism as well as its pointing to that beyond all reason. In the 1950s, the image of the Zen lunatic came to the fore in the work of such Beat writers as Jack Kerouac, who summed it all up in The Dharma Bums. The 1960s and 1970s, the era of the great Zen centers and the counterculture, was involved in Zen as a spiritual discipline and total, often communalistic, way of life.All through, still others, from poets like Gary Snyder to composers like John Cage, have been mostly interested in the relation of the Zen vision to artistic creativity. The tensions of these varying Zens ar well spoken, and perhaps resolved, in the essay by Alan Watts here reproduced, Beat Zen, Square Zen, and Zen. Whether in tragic conflict or massively lucra tive trade, seldom have two nations of such diverse cultural hereditary pattern been as intensely involved in one anothers lives as have Japan and the United States in the twentieth century.The diffusion of Zen to America, though but a tiny fragment of that exchange, helps divulge the spiritual dimensions, too seldom yet appreciated, of this significant meeting. From a historical perspective, American Buddhism is also an era make undertaking. One of the great spiritual traditions of Asia is moving west. For about four hundred years, western missionaries, explorers, scholars, and seekers explored Asia, wondered about Buddhism, and studied it. A few even practiced it.The hindquarters for the transmission of the dharma to the West was ready by many people over many years, but the appearance of the dharma as a significant element in American religion is a development that by comparison occurred plainly very lately. During the eighties and nineties, many Americans were debating among st themselves what Buddhism was in this country and what they required it to be. They came up with many diverse ideas about how to form American forms of the dharma, so there is not a single answer to that question, nor is there likely ever to be.There is not one American Buddhism, any longer than there is one American Judaism, Islam, or Christianity. Zen meditation is valuable among Americans, Western associate with Zen has now reached a point where an perceptiveness of the larger historical framework within which Zen articulated itself is also necessary. Such an understanding is significant not only for a more balanced academic view, but also for a more staid appraisal of the means of Zen practice for modern American life. The total character of Zen emerged as part of a complex dialectic within Buddhism, and we cannot understand Zen until we realize what it is critiquing.If we take its statements out of their Buddhistic condition and construe them instead within our own cultu ral context, they are apt to mean something quite diverse, particularly in the realm of ethics. Zens iconoclasm had a different meaning within a cultural context where Buddhist moral teachings were extensively affirmed than it does today to contemporary Americans who wishing any such background and who are perhaps already suffering from an excess of moral relativism (Rick Fields, 1992, 194). Buddhist meditation developed and practiced in East Asia.It thus seeks to balance our acquaintance with Zen meditation which, as it is the only East Asian practice with which many Westerners are familiar, is often held up as the archetypal form of East Asian Buddhist meditation by placing it alongside other, evenly representative and vital forms of meditation the invocation of the Buddhas name (nien-fo) in Pure Land visualization (as exemplified by Hsuan-tsangs visualization of Maitreya) and Chih-is monumental Tien-tai synthesis of Buddhist ritual, cultic, and meditation practices.Meditation ha s been a notoriously vague and multivalent ideaa circumstance that stems, no doubt, from its comparative lack of elaboration and systematization in the Western religious traditions, particularly in their post-Enlightenment forms. That the concept lacks any clearly defined and usually accepted referent in our own general cultural experience does not restrict its attractiveness indeed, it in fact enhances it. Meditation is a very useful category in particular as it can be understood in so many ways.In America it is believed that we should employ meditation in the broadest possible sense in the same sense that we find Buddhists using the term dhyana to include both samatha-bhavana and vipasyana-bhavana (Kapleau, Philip, 1980). There are two reasons for doing this both significant, and both inextricably consistent. First, we must recognize that such an inclusive conception of meditation is required if we are not to obscure what is most distinctive and characteristic about the Buddhist viewpoint on religious practice.Second, only by coming to terms with what is distinguishing and characteristic in Buddhist culture can we gain a better understanding of ourselves. The understanding we seek must not only inform our perception of the alien culture it should also change our own experience, the understanding of our own culture. The true rank of any cross-cultural exploration, after all, lies not in how successful we are in reducing the alien culture to the terms of our own experience.True understanding, rather, is born only when we should expand our own perspective to hold what initially appears to be alien. Yoga is also very significant type of meditation that is very popular among Americans. In yoga, drawn-out meditations lead first to the telepathic powers such as those the Buddha attained and eventually to the realization of the illusoriness of all material appearances. In the Yogacara view, there is a sense in which any experience is just as real as any other, wh ether actually internal and hallucinatory or ostensibly external and objective.All that is eventually real and continuous of the individual is the pure subject, the mind store (alaya-vijnana), although it, too, changes. It is this mind store, or alaya-vijnana, that experiences, judges, contemplates, and remembers, thus comprising a locus of identity and continuity through many evident bodies, or lifetimes. Ellwood, Robert, 1986. It might well be argued that the alaya-vijnana concept is just a rehabilitation of the old Hindu notion of atman, without the persistence on its ontological permanency and immutability.The early Buddhist perspective says that phenomenon are all that exist and that the apparent self is dogged by the phenomena that it encounters. The Yogacara philosophy, by contrast, says that mind is all that exists, and all perspicuous phenomena are merely its own projections. Coupled with the belief in medium teachings, the concept that all is only mind has tremendous im plications for Vajrayana Buddhism. If all is only mind, the mental process of death and rebirth is no longer an inevitable feature of an external reality to which all must submit.It then becomes unnecessary to actually undergo a long succession of lifetimes, for by changing ones conscious thoughts, the whole succession can be broken or abridged. Even the law of karma is elevated to a completely different level. No longer are physical actions seen as having expected physical effect. Rather, mental acts are the only acts that have any effects at all, either in actually external happenings or in apparently internal feelings and visions.Karmic determination of an individuals future good or ill can thus also be evaded or aborted by mental purification and concentration. Mantras, mudras, and samadhi are requisite to affect this change of consciousness necessary to attain nirvana. Here, too, the Vajrayana departs from stodgy Samkhya Yoga, in allowing the consumption of meat and wine, an d even intercourse with women, encouraging at each step the understanding that none of these phenomena are ultimately real.Under the tutelage of a Vajrayana Lama (guru), the student expects to develop psychic powers, to leave his body, and to experience the Absolute in reverie. Thus, he exit prepare himself for the moment of death when he will direct his consciousness out of his body and into final union with Truth (dharmakaya), rather than permitting any further cycles of rebirth. Though, many Americans th sign that Zen is a Buddhist tradition without formal ritual, which is not actually the case.Zen was first introduced into this country in books that led lots of Americans to think of it as a philosophy rather than a spiritual tradition along with concepts of meditations especially yoga. People also be apt not to think of Zen sitting meditation, while a practician might face a wall or sit with downcast eyes for hours, as ritual activity. But every day or even twice-daily stints o f yoga, during which a practitioner notes the movement of his or her mind, help to structure the lives of numerous American Buddhists, one of the primary functions of rite.In America, Zen calls up particular genus of art and verse, ink wash, tea ceremonies, haiku poetry, whose special genius is to portray nature just as it is, without theory or theology, yet so vividly as to leave one deeply moved without being quite sure why. Work Cited Ellwood, Robert, ed. Zen in American Life and Letters. Los Angeles Undena Press, 1986. Kapleau, Philip. The Three Pillars of Zen. Garden City, NY Doubleday, 1965, rev. ed. 1980. Rick Fields, How the Swans Came to the Lake A tarradiddle History of Buddhism in America, 3rd rev. ed. ( Boston Shambhala, 1992), 194.

Anti Transcendentalism in the Literary Works of Edgar Allan Poe 1 Essay

Anti-Transc lastentalism in the Work of Edgar Allan Poe Life and death are concepts that are widely known by men and women of all cultures. Many pieces of literary whole kit and caboodle are written about these topics since they are wellhead known exactly non everyone understands the meaning of living and dying. Death seems to be the tougher of these two concepts to be discussed. This is close to ilkly due to the fact that once a person dies they are gone forever. While umteen individuals can say that they have experienced carriage to the fullest, not many, or any at all, can say that they have experienced death and lived to talk about that experience.As a result, literary formers spend metaphors and personification to bring their readers closer to understanding death and life. Transcendentalism became a philosophical front end in the 1820s and 1830s that suggested a article of faith that spirituality was greater than a basic human experience, such as living life withou t the need for button-down items, thitherfore experiencing the full form of what life has to offer.While many authors and poets grasped this philosophy, such as Henry David Thoreau, other literary figures disliked the transcendental hunting expedition and wrote their work against its viewpoint. Edgar Allan Poe is well known for horrifying the topic of death in virtually of his literary working. Poe had a hi twaddle of using the fear of death 1 Patel and relating it to the effect it had on the human soul. He make use ofd the experiences in his life as a precursor to his short stories and poems. Edgar Allen Poes experience with illness and death, expressed in his literary work, contributed to his stance as an anti- transcendentalist. Edgar Allan Poe was born to two stage actors, David Poe jr. and Elizabeth Arnold Poe, on January 19, 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts.Even in his early life, Poe faced a difficult life. After his father abandoned him, and his mother dying shortly after , a rich merchant by the name of John Allan, and his wife, adopted Poe. With his new adoptive parents, he left the States lived in Scotland and London for five years. Poe attended orphic schools as a child where he was gifted in literature. This was the first step to his writing song. Even though he strived academically, he isolated himself from his peers. Poe whence continued his studied at the University of Virginia, where he studied classical and modern language.However, to his inability to cover his cost of living, which his adoptive father refused to pay for, Poe resorted to gambling for his showtime of money, causing him to acquire massive amounts of debt and withdrawing from the university. As a stepping-stone to change his life, Poe enlisted in the army, where he published his first book of poetry. Poe began to write more and more works of literature with his young adult years. However, even though his poems and short stories were becoming well known, Poe had a difficul t time earning a living through and through being a writer.This lack of 2 Patel financial assistance caused him to move in with his aunt, and niece, Virginia Clemm, who he soon after married. Through the years of 1837 and 1845, Edgar Allan Poe became a well renowned author and poet, publishing countless poems and short stories. However, after the death of his wife, Virginia, in 1847, due to tuberculosis, Poes health also became to depreciate from his constant use of alcohol. Soon after, Poe died a mysterious death, which many speculate to be because of his excessive alcohol abuse.(Poe, Edgar Allan (1809-1849), An Introduction to, 220-221) As seen through his life, Edgar Allan Poe faced a difficult life, which clearly reflects in his short stories and poems. As mentioned earlier, Poe was against the transcendental movement that swept through the early Unites States. The movement mainly flourished in the mid-1830s. The transcendentalist movement was first recognized and founded by Ha rvard-education ministers, in their attempt to go against Unitarianism. The philosophy and belief transcendentalists follow is to be in reflection of god (American Transcendentalism, An Introduction to, 1). at that place were many figures of the transcendentalist movement that were influenced by its concept.One of the most important figures of American Transcendentalism was Ralph Waldo Emerson. His essays were bringly connect to the philosophy it follows. Many other authorial figures were influences by transcendentalism, including Henry David Thoreau, Walt Whitman, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Emily Dickinson, and Edgar Allan Poe. An author defending the 3 Patel transcendentalist movement claims, They believed that the man is not perfect and what they emphasized was the evil present in the world and temper. What they wrote illustrated the idea that human beings are not always moving toward truth and righteousness, beauty, and justice (Manzari 1800).Though the transcendentalist movement was prominent to Poe, it influenced him in a negative way, where he was predisposed to write against the movement, rather than opt it in his literary work. Just like Emerson, Thoreau wrote a spiritual autobiography called Walden or, Life in the Woods (2). The autobiography explained how Thoreau lives secluded in the woods from the materialistic world he lived in, becoming one with natures beauty and all it had to offer. In An Introduction to American Transcendentalism, the article states, Moreover, that influence has been traced by numerous critics from the nineteenth century to the present day in such characteristics of American Literature as its emphases on nature, innocence, and individualism. The following quote from the article suggests that the transcendentalist movement influenced literature as its seen today. This statement is indeed correct since the movement influenced most of the pieces written by Edgar Allan Poe. Through his horrific childhood, Poe was well experienced in writing about death since most of his work revolves around it. Poe remains firm on his stance as an anti- transcendentalist.One of his most famous works is a poem called The Raven. The ballad is about a young man who is torn by the death of the woman he loved, and mourns for her dearly. The poem shows a direct and clear sense of negativity and sorrow in its 4 Patel tone (Magistrale 29). It seems as though Poe is openly mocking transcendentalism in his poem. The cashier of the poem suggests supernatural forces and a hostile natural world. According to transcendentalism, there is nothing more pure and innocent than nature. However, according to The Raven, nature is shown to be threatening, the complete opposite of transcendental belief.Another short story Poe had written is directly related to the topic of death. The Masque of the Red Death is about a deadly illness that takes over the country called Red Death. The Red Death had already killed half of the country, and was coming f or the wealthy prince who had shut his doors to his kingdom, trying to save himself from the death, trance his kingdom collapse to deaths knees. However, this did not stop the Red Death from entering the princes castle and killing them all as a faceless masked person. The moral of the story is that no one can escape death, not the rich or the poor.Mortality is a concept many people fail to understand. Though death is all over, it is hard to grasp that people only live for a certain amount of time spot death creeps through continuous generations of the world. The theme in Poes The Masque of the Red Death is the concept of mortality and the fear of death. Death is all over in the story, and the use of allegory and personification brings the awful disease alive, sweeping through the nation and seizing all of its victims. The Red Death in the story was perceived to be about tuberculosis in reality.Since Poe had death all around him due to this disease, it only 5 Patel makes sense why it would have bear on his writing, as well as on his stance on transcendentalism. Poe dealt with death most of his life, from his wife and mother dying of tuberculosis to his adoptive fathers untimely and distant death (Poe, Edgar Allan (1809-1849), An Introduction to, 220-221). In his eyes, he likely did not see living transcendentally as a belief since there was more death in his life than life itself. Poe also used the natural world and the supernatural in his poem Annabel Lee.The poem mentions nature everywhere, the sea being the biggest example of this, as well as the wind and clouds and starts. Though it would seem these parts of nature would be calming to him, Poe shows it to be a little scary and threatening in the ways he described these parts of nature. The narrator of the poem is slightly obsessed with how and why Annabel died, much like how Poe may have been distraught by his wifes untimely death when she was succumbed by tuberculosis (Poe, Edgar Allan (1809-1849), An Introduction to, 220-221). Poe suggests in the poem if death is the end of a loved one, or if the love continues after death.A little brighter than his other stories and poems, Poe still clenches to the concept of death in this poem as well. There is no doubt that his work mostly revolved around requisite and mortality, the complete opposite of the transcendental belief (Poe As Poet. 2001). Poe shows his stance as an anti-transcendentalist through most of his work, giving a different viewpoint than the common belief in spirituality than the he lived. 6 Patel Poe writes another story that directly related to his viewpoint on transcendental belief. Never Bet the Devil Your Head was a clear attack on transcendentalism, the narrator calling it a disease. He uses Toby Dammit as an example of what this disease can do to an individual, seeing as Dammit succumbed to death. As a cruel joke, the narrator sends the bill of Dammits funeral to the transcendentalist, but they refuse to pay sinc e they do not believe in the concept of evil (Allen Poe, Never Bet the Devil Your Head). This piece that Poe writes was a direct satirical story written about transcendentalism. In an essay that Poe wrote, called The Philosophy of Composition, Poe states, It is the excess of the suggested meaning- it is the rendering this the upper instead of the under-current of the theme- which turns into prose (and that of the very flattest kind), the so-called poetry of the so-called transcendentalists (Poes Philosopy of Composition, 1880).He mocks the transcendentalists in this piece of his work as well, directly stating them in his essay. Edgar Allan Poe mostly wrote his literary works about death and fatality. It seems as though death was all around him, from his adoptive fathers untimely death to the illness that succumbed his mother and wife. Nonetheless, this highly affected the tone and ardour of his short stories and poems that he has written. Almost all of his literary works have menti oned the supernatural world, mortality, and fear, all things that transcendental believers consider to be unexpressed over their belief in the natural world and God.Though he was not condescendingly against transcendentalism altogether, he 7 Patel was more so against the idea they believed it in the literary world, and that it should affect the way these authors and poets incorporated it in literature. There are many ways literature can we written, from mystery to the topic of love. Poe dealt with so much fatality in his life that it affected the way he created his work. Death is among all human beings, so why not embrace it the way Edgar Allan Poe has. Work Cited 8 Patel American Transcendentalism, An Introduction to. Nineteenth-Century Literature review. Ed. Janet Mullane and Robert Thomas Wilson. Vol. 24. Detroit Gale, 1989. 19th Century Literature Criticism Online. Web. 27 Apr. 2015. Poe, Edgar Allan (1809-1849), An Introduction to. Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Kathy D. Darrow. Vol. 211. Detroit Gale, 2009. 19th Century Literature Criticism Online. Web. 27 Apr. 2015. POES PHILOSOPHY Of COMPOSITION. The New York Times New York 1 Aug. 1880 n. pag. The New York Times. Web. 28 Apr. 2015. Magistrale, Tony. Student Companion To Edgar Allan Poe.Westport, Conn Greenwood Press, 2001. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 20 Apr. 2015. Manzari, Alireza. Contextual American Transcendentalism. Theory and Practice in Language Studies 2. 9 (2012) 1792-801. ProQuest Literature Online. Web. 15 Apr. 2015. Poe, Edgar A. Never Bet the Devil Your Head. N. p. n. p. , n. d. About. com. Web. 28 Apr. 2015. Poe, Edgar A. Poems For Further Study. The Norton Introduction to Literature. By Kelly J. Mays. eleventh ed. New York W. W. Norton, 2014. 601-04. Print. 9 Patel Poe As Poet. Scholastic Scope 50. 5 (2001) 13. Academic Search Premier. Web. 7 May 2015.

Indo-European languages Essay

The lead of Sanskrit literature encompasses a rich tradition of rime and drama as well as scientific, technical, philosophical and dharma texts. Sanskrit continues to be widely used as a ceremonial language in Hindu ghostlike rituals and Buddhist practice in the forms of hymns and mantras. Spoken Sanskrit has been revised in well-nigh villages with traditional institutions, and there are attempts at further popularisation. The Sanskrit verbal adjective sa? sk? ta- whitethorn be translated as put together, constructed, well or completely formed refined, adorned, highly elaborated.It is derived from the root sa? -skar- to put together, compose, arrange, prepare,5 where sa? together (as English same) and (s)kar- do, substantiate. The term in the generic meaning of made ready, inclined(p), completed, finished is found in the Rigveda. Also in Vedic Sanskrit, as nominalised neuter sa? sk? tam, it means preparation, prepared place and thus ritual enclosure, place for a sacrifice. As a term for refined or elaborated speech the adjective appears unaccompanied in Epic and Classical Sanskrit, in the Manusmriti and in the Mahabharata. The language referred to as sa? sk?ta the cultured language has by definition always been a inspirational and sophisticated language, used for religious and learned discourse in ancient India, and contrasted with the languages spoken by the people, prak? ta- natural, artless, normal, ordinary. Classical Sanskrit is the standard register as position out in the grammar of Pa? ini, around the 4th century BCE. 6 Its position in the cultures of Greater India is akin to that of Latin and Greek in Europe and it has significantly influenced most modern languages of the Indian subcontinent, particularly in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Nepal.7 The pre-Classical form of Sanskrit is known as Vedic Sanskrit, with the language of the Rigveda being the oldest and most archaic stage preserved, its oldest centre of attention dating b ack to as early as 1500 BCE. 8 This qualifies Rigvedic Sanskrit as one of the oldest attestations of any Indo-Iranian language, and one of the earliest attested members of the Indo-European languages, the family which includes English and most European languages. 9 Sanskrit, as defined by Pa? ini, had evolved out of the earlier Vedic form. The beginning of Vedic Sanskrit can be traced as early as 15001200 BCE (for Rig-vedic and Aryan superstrate in Mitanni).Scholars often distinguish Vedic Sanskrit and Classical or Pa? inian Sanskrit as separate dialects. Though they are quite similar, they differ in a number of essential points of phonology, vocabulary, grammar and syntax. Vedic Sanskrit is the language of the Vedas, a large collection of hymns, incantations (Samhitas), theological and religio-philosophical discussions in the Brahmanas and Upanishads. Modern linguists consider the metrical hymns of the Rigveda Samhita to be the earliest, composed by many authors over several centu ries of oral tradition.The end of the Vedic period is marked by the composition of the Upanishads, which form the concluding part of the Vedic corpus in the traditional view however the early Sutras are Vedic, too, both in language and content. 10 Around the mid-1st millennium BCE, Vedic Sanskrit began the transition from a showtime language to a second language of religion and learning. For nearly 2,000 years, a cultural order existed that exerted influence across South Asia, Inner Asia, Southeast Asia, and to a certain extent, East Asia.11 A significant form of post-Vedic Sanskrit is found in the Sanskrit of the Hindu Epicsthe Ramayana and Mahabharata. The deviations from Pa? ini in the epics are generally considered to be on poster of interference from Prakrits, or innovations and not because they are pre-Paninean. 12 Traditional Sanskrit scholars call such deviations ar? a ( ), meaning of the is, the traditional title for the ancient authors. In some contexts, there are as w ell more prakritisms (borrowings from common speech) than in Classical Sanskrit proper.Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit is a literary language heavily influenced by heart and soul Indic, based on early Buddhist prakrit texts which subsequently assimilated to the Classical Sanskrit standard in varying degrees. 13 According to Tiwari (1955), there were four principal dialects of classical Sanskrit pascimottari (Northwestern, also called Northern or Western),madhyadesi (lit. , middle country), purvi (Eastern) and dak? i? i (Southern, arose in the Classical period). The predecessors of the first three dialects are even attested in Vedic Brahma? as, of which the first one was regarded as the purest (Kau? itaki Brahma? a, 7. 6).