To My Grown Up Son

To My Grown-Up Son or female child by Alice E. Chase My hands were busy through the day, I didnt necessitate much metre to play The niggling games you asked me to, I didnt have much sentence for you. Id wash your uniform Id sew and cook, hardly when youd baffle your exhibit book And ask me, please, to share your fun, Id say, A minute later, hon. Id tuck you in each safe at night, And hear your prayers, turn out the light, Then tiptoe softly to the door, I wish Id stayed a minute more. For life is short, and pine time rush past, A little boy grows up so fast, No longer is he at your side,His precious secrets to confide. The picture books are go down away, There are no childrens games to play, No goodnight kiss, no prayers to hear, That all belongs to yesteryear. My hands once busy, now lie still, The days are long and hard to fill, I wish I could go back and do, The little things you asked me to. To My Grown-Up Mom Your hands were busy through the day You didnt have much time to play. The little things Id ask of you, You took the time to see, to do You washed my clothes, youd sew and cook. (The best damn Halloween costumes that townsfolk had ever seen, I might add And when Id bring my picture book, your dark, thick outlines and perfect strokes had me mesmerized. You tucked me in, all safe at night. Ran your fingers across my temple til my eyes shut tight. I do the kindred for Mika, now. An inherited maternal signature passed on somehow. I wonder, sometimes, if life is actually as short as we think it is. I watch the days rush past and dont have all the answers, yet. simply time brings wisdom, wrinkles, and opportunities to learn. I grew out of goodnight kisses and picture books. I cant hear you creaking across the floor hen I sleep, anymore. No fingers on my temple when Im tired. My hands are passably busy, now. Yours are, too. We cant go back and do the things we used to do. But in this flash I can stop and thank you for your water-soaked r aisin fingers (after doing other stack of dishes ) I can thank you for the Halloween costumes and picture books, the temple rubs and time spent investing in love. I know sometimes it probably wasnt easy to take and make the time, but every moment counted and I wanted you to know I couldnt have through it without you.

Baskin Robbins Marketing Research Case Study

Baskin Robbins Case Study This case summarizes the market look to be performed for the logotype design project of Baskin Robbins. Case Analysis Baskin-Robbins Brand Officer mass Kimmel felt it was important to conduct this study because the frozen-food retailing industry had dumbfound more hostile to Baskin-Robbins in recent years. A few entrants much(prenominal) as Cold Stone Creamery and others had popularized the in-store experience. Cold Stone Creamerys sales were outright almost 75 percent of Baskin-Robbins sales. The contest has commuted since the mid-1980s. Customers argon more demanding active the hospitality experience.They earn more money and they puke sully alike(p) ice creams to Baskin-Robbins in grocery stores now. While BRs competitors ar pushing this mix-in experience a higher price theater experience. The briny purpose of the Baskin-Robbins corporate study was to decide whether or not they should transfer their logo to gain a competitive advantage. The y are also use this study to find out the implications of a change of logo, and a change in the way the stores are designed. The key questions the Baskin-Robbins brand team is addressing are should the brand logo be changed to signal something young is happening at Baskin-Robbins?If the logo is changed would there be synergy between the logo changed and the plan interiors? alike, changing the interior of stores will offer a lot of complications with the franchisees. A main concern is whether or not these franchisees would be willing to buy into the new ideas, considering that they have invested a lot into the franchise. The management of Baskin Robbins wants to change logo based on the customer reaction towards old logo and new logo after showing the drawings of the new logo and new redesign of the stores.The query design to be adopted should be exploratory enquiry that can be based on the pore groups and deport interviews with the customer. Also observational research can b e used to perform the research on how the customer reacts to the visits to the store and their reaction during the direct interview with the interviewer on the store and logo redesign. Approach for the research should be developed. Approach can consist of multiple research options such as direct interviews, focus groups and observational research. Research design can include the form of the research for each of the approach.A questionnaire can be designed to have direct interviews with the customers see the store. An observational form can be designed to capture the observations during the direct interviews. Secondary data have been collected for purposes other than the problem at hand. These data can be quickly located and are not expensive. Syndicated data are the compiled data available from the external agencies that can be used for the marketing research problem. These data are available in bulk. The secondary and syndicated data can be used for the research.Customer can be in terviewed based on their location by an internet survey or a telephonic call to gather details about their perspective on Baskin Robbins old logo and their experience with the store. Conclusion merchandising research plays an important role in decision making. Professionally done marketing research are practical provides a value to management. References California worldwide University Quality Research in Consumer Behavior Study Guide Marketing Research An Applied Orientation, Sixth EditionHelp by Naresh K MalhotraRelated broadcast Advantages and Disadvantages of Administrative Management

The Marion

The Marion nine men were Alexander H. Curtis, Joey Pinch, doubting Thomas Speed, Nickolas Dale, James Childs, Thomas Lee, John Freeman, Nathan Levert and David Harris. They worked to provide an education for dismal children of Marion. Curtis was the most influential of the classify and later led the push to reorganize Lincoln School into stir institution. He was a member of aluminum Legislature for eight long time and he loved the respect of his fellow legislators.With Alma Freeman he wrote an leaven about Alabama State University and said as efforts to desegregate landed estate college systems increasingly threaten the very survival of higher education for wispy Americans. Thomas Speed was a 56 year old black smith and North Carolina native who could not read or write, and had gathered some personal property through his business operations. Joseph D.Caver a graduate student in the department of history at Alabama State completed his masters thesis, titled Marion to Montgomery A Twenty-Year level of Alabama State University, 1867-1887. Which presents a quite scholarly and sensitive analytic thinking and documentation of state. On founders day all faculty and students are evaluate to be in attendance to uplift the vast works performed by our predecessors in making of ASU.It is our current tradition that the event be held in the Joe L. Reed Acadome. The presidents of Alabama State at the time are William burn Paterson (1878-1915), John William Beverly (1915-1920), George Washington Trenholm (1920-1925, Harper Councill Trenholm (1925-1962), Levi Watkins (1962-1981), Robert L. Randolph(1981-1983), Leon Howard (1983-1991), Clifford C. Baker (1991-1994), Joe A. Lee (2001-2008) and William Hamilton Harris(1994-200/2008-2012).

A Night of Suspense

I walked on briskly, essay non to look back. Some consistency was following me. I could feel it. I continued to walk, counting my treads, making sure I didnt step on any cracks believe me, Im not the superstitious kind, however, yet, I entangle wary. Splat. A raindrop landed right on my nose and it dripped overpower my face. I hated the rain, every drop on your head feels like an crank that is world smashed on your face. I wiped the rain of my glasses with my gloves. i step, two steps, three steps. I stopped for a exit light. Did I hear a fourth step?I must be imagining things. The image of a walking man turned green and I crossed the road and went into Adeline Street, where a huge wind hit me. It was much(prenominal) a cold wind, it gave me the shivers and for a second I gasped. I zipped up my leather jacket even higher, buried myself under my scarf, and continued walking. though the scarf covered my whole face now, I was aware of a faint scent, smelling like rotten eggs , rotting bodies frankly, anything rotten. I looked some to see what it could be approach from.Surely the mailbox on the left couldnt be the cause. It looked as it had on the nose been painted and when I sniffed it, it was obvious it smelled the same as every other mailbox. What about the flowers on the right? I was just about to bend down to investigate this, when I saying something move from the right corner of my eye. About a tenth of a second later, something threw itself against my leg. I screamed and I wouldve kept screaming if I wouldnt have seen the cat that looked up at me with shining eyes, looking as if it was sorry to have s anxietyd me.It was just a cat- I laughed nervously. I bent down and patted it on the head. I kept on walking through the endless street. 15 steps, 16 steps, 17 steps. I stopped. I heard a 18th step, and swivelled my head around the curiosity was in like manner much. A sudden gust threw my scarf up and into my face just as a shadow darted past me. I whirled trying to accredit a solid shape but finding nothing but darkness. The night was cold colder than usual. I squinted as I looked about myself again, the quick-frozen mist stinging my eyes.I continued walking forwards, focusing on the swinging tap of my shoes of the concrete slabs that make up the pavement and was care to match my stride to width of each tile as to stay off the crakes that threatened to trip me. I glanced back again, my rhythm faltering as I looked out into the haze that made the world shimmer and warp. Im being paranoid I told myself, working it into my steps like a mantra. Tap, tap, and tap. Not the the great(p) of my shoes by the sound of rain just as the mottle had finally begun to lift. I groaned as the disjointed clatter of the sudden down pour disrupted my steps. Stop being paranoid I state aloud to myself, frustrated by my own foolishness, huffing. I dont hypothesise youre paranoid, someone whispered in my ear. Heart racing, I swivelled my whole body and whipped out my umbrella as defence. Are you alright, mate? the silhouette asked, placing a hand on my tense shoulder. Yeah, I muttered, relaxing a little, thanks. I walked on briskly home, not looking back once. *** As shortly as I walked into my front approach, I knew something was wrong. My wife, genus genus Melissa, had her head in her hands, fairish curls falling out of her usually-neat bun. Hello, darling I chirruped, nervously. Whats wrong? I pulled a chair, and sat down next to her. I slowly took the envelope from underneath her elbow and opened it, wearily. What was written inside, still makes me shudder to think about it. It read Roses are red, violets are blue, there is no escaping, I am going to get you. Its a death threat. Melissa whispered. Ive been getting them at work, and the children are getting similar messages on their MooshMonsters and Facebook profile. No, they must be hoaxes. You know from kids.. April fools? I stammered, not sure what to do. Yeah, Melissa whipped her nose on her sleeve and got up, Do you want some teatime? I nodded, and folded up the message, written in a familiar handwriting, in red. This went on for weeks Melissa and I kept getting similar messages and the kids online profiles were alter with the like. One night, after I put the children to bed, I heard a knock on the door. I called out to Melissa to open the door. The door kept on knocking. alright, Im coming, Im coming I shouted, rushing down the stairs. As I opened the door, I saw a quick flash of red, and a big red parcel on the doorstep.I picked it up and glanced at the tag- it read I am coming for you, there is no escape. A man who never embraces the thorn, does not deserve the rose. I stepped outside and saw some children running, laughing. Stupid, kids. Think this is funny, do you? I slammed the door shut and sat down. I threw away the parcel, not even opening to see the contents. The following night, I was in bed, when I got a te xt from an unknown number. Im coming for you. dependable you wait, you shall pay- in blood. A sudden rage filled me with anger, as I stabbed at the keys to reply. Who are you? What are you

Elementary School Conduct Essay

Keeping in mind the fact that the beginning years of a infants faculty member education build the foundation of his incoming life, this work holds certain policies, which aim to deliver an effective encyclopaedism humor where students are trained to develop br another(prenominal)ly skills and gain responsibility. This paper outlines those policies as well as presents a number of academic and behavioral standards that should be watched by the civilise members at every times. Academic Standards The academic syllabus of our direct stresses on three chief study courses aptitude development of different forms of communication, which include comprehensive reading and listening, good decipherable handwriting, and speaking power. Providing an catch understanding of the use of numbers and the significance of elementary calculations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) in our daily lives. Development of relationship building skills, which give the students a chan ce to interact with people outside their home and expand their social circle.Moreover, as these students are new to the academic world, our shoal makes it mandatory to arrive at such a syllabus that widens their conception of the world they live in. In view of this notion, students from Grade-1 to Grade-6 are taught about love at home, neighbor and schoolfellow relationships, relationship between ones own society and the others, the defer and country they live in, and lastly, information about the rest of the world, respectively. In addition, eccentric building and teamwork is encouraged throughout the elementary level. (McCarthy, 1990)Behavioral Standards In dress to require a disciplined and comfortable learning environment for the students, our school requires all school members to appreciate and conform to the following rules and regulations regarding their conduct at the facility Honor the attributes and integrity of themselves and other people present at the school. H old a fair attitude to everyone at school avoiding whatever form of discrimination whether it is racial, cultural, gendered, ethnic, etc. Communicate in a decent fashion avoiding any form of profanity or obscene gestures. evacuate an attitude that is hurtful, discriminatory or unacceptable in any other form, to anyone at school. Everyone should be dressed in compliance with the dressing cypher of the school. Commodities belonging to the school or any other person should be dealt with proper care. Appreciate the different tasks assigned to the various employees working at the school. quash carrying any form of harmful instruments inside the school building. Avoid consumption of any substance that could cause to lose your actual demeanor.Members of the school failing to comply with the above rules will have to face consequences in accordance with intensity and frequency of their offences. (Student go Division, 2001) Professional Relationships The teachers at our school are trained to cooperate and work jointly with the parents in tell apart to augment the learning abilities of students both at school and home. Moreover, our school works conjointly with various professionals and organizations to build a healthier learning humor for the students. Roles & ResponsibilitiesStudents Should avail every chance to learn offered to them, and study to the best of their abilities. Should bonk to school regularly and attend all classes, reporting any rationalness for an absence. Should understand and follow all the rules, and face the consequences of any misconduct. Should handle school or any other individuals property with appropriate care. Should participate in creating a secure and suitable learning clime for the pupils. Parents Should extend any hand required to expand their childrens learning abilities. Should encourage their students to comply with all the rules and standards of the school. Should have regular meetings with the teachers on the ir childs overall progress. Should make sure that their children are well federal official and physically fit for school. Should cooperate with the teachers in providing their children with quality education. Teachers Should provide a keen knowledge and understanding of the syllabus assigned to them. Should use techniques that provide a quicker and better understanding of the subject. Should compare the results and use the more influential teaching method. Should devise various plans and strategies for students that require special attention. Should hash out with students their academic progress, and give advice for its enhancement. Should take every action necessary to maintain a healthy and disciplined working climate. Should make an effort to create respect, in the minds of the students for any race, minority, religion or country found anyplace in the world. Should maintain a healthy classroom at all times (Student Services Division, 2001)Works Cited1. McCarthy, William G. (1990). Elementary School. In The World hold Encyclopedia (Vol. 6, pp. 223). Chicago World Book, Inc. 2. School Code of Conduct. (2001). Student Services Division. Retrieved July 27, 2008, from Nova Scotia Department of Education. Website http//www. ednet. ns. ca/pdfdocs/studentsvcs/code_of_conduct/conduct. pdf

Disaster mitigation in Naga City

The metropolis of Naga is located in the Isle of Luzon in the Philippines. Situated at ab forbidden 377 km atomic number 16 of Manila, Naga urban tenderness lies at the center of Camarines Sur, which is the biggest province in the Bicol region. The city has a total flying field of 77. 5 sq. kms. The city is located along the typhoon belt and thitherfore given up to tropical storms and typhoons throughout the year. It is also deemed vulnerable to floods, and earthquakes (Pineda & Buan, 1998). In the Naga City field of operation, there are different kind of floods which hebdomadaryally plays havoc in the city.Apart from floods from the major river Bicol, flash flood from Naga River too devastates the region. Besides river floods, there are periodic storm surges from the sea as well. Frequent inundation of the city and bolshy of agricultural land is a common phenomenon in the region. 1 tragedy management computer programme When natural incidents occur, the rate of survival a nd rescue of home would depend upon how efficient the emergency response operation is. The region is expanding precise fast and the same trend will continue in the rising as the Naga city is the center for commercial, educational, and industrial sectors in Bicol region.Disaster management plan is all the more relevant for this disaster prone city, beca utilization with tremendous increase rate, the likelihood of causality figures is expected to go up, if planned measures is not undertaken (Westen, 2007). slow down and poor management of disaster could result in great do of loss, both of human and property. Naga city has a much thought out disaster management and mitigation plan to cope up with the threat of natural calamities, which plagues the region (Pineda, & Buan, 1998).In seeking to ensure that their community could grow and achieve in a sustainable manner, Naga city officials sought to ensure a close link between hazard mitigation and land use planning. Following a stud y to secure the priority areas of attention, they crafted a schema to manage hazards and to delay environmental degradation in order to inebriate the quality of urban life. A coordinated set of activity was explicate in the Naga City Disaster Management Project (NCDMP). NCDMP became the focus of the citys evolving disaster risk management initiatives.Its major rival was to identify risk reduction measures that could help the residents, while also promoting the magnificence of awareness and city planning for potential hazards that could threaten the city. As the source model city in the Philippines, Naga City used its projects to help establish the capacity of its citizens to develop and implement disaster mitigation standards and practices (United Nations, 2004).Diasater reduction initaitives Naga City authority realized that losses and damages to properties due to disaster 1. http//library. witpress. com/pages/PaperInfo. sp? PaperID=14311 could be avoided with proper planni ng, and attention towards relocating centers of. economic activity and settlements in safer areas. Through the education of community based surveys, with technical data provided by the weather religious service flood forecasting division, hazard mapping was carried out. In their planning for disaster risk reduction measures, the local authorities maximized the use of GIS. GIS also helped them determine which areas of the city would most likely become flooded. Accordingly, city officials targeted specific households for evacuation.After the recognition of the vulnerable areas, the Naga City local authority made plans to shift the economic activities from low lying flood prone areas to elevated and less precarious areas of the city. The local authority promulgated a five year developmental plan, whereby forward-looking land use laws and economic incentives have been made and new areas have been developed into growth centers. Coping strategy aft(prenominal) durian Durian is the fourth typhoon that hit Philippines within a span of triple months. Worst hit by the typhoon was the areas near Mayon volcano, located at the south east of Manila. The typhoon wrecked havoc in Camarines, Sur, Albay, and other provinces in the region.Termed as super typhoon, it submerged the provinces of Albay, and caused several villages near the Mayon volcano to be ideal buried due to mudflows and landslides. Immediately after the typhoon, the Provincial Disaster Coordination Council (PDCC) unitedly with pertinent agencies, and individuals initiated relief operations on war footing for the unnatural families. The persons affected by flood were moved to the evacuation centers and essentials and food items were distributed in a coordinated manner.The Provincial office along with regional center for health development coordinated the work of vaccination, drinking water testing, fifty-fifty health assessment, deployment of environmental health sanitation team, and needed supplie s of essentials and medicines. Rehabilitation of water and electricity infrastructures was implemented with speed and efficiency. 3 Conclusion The typhoons in Philippines in 2006 wrought havoc in Naga City and nearby areas. The massive destructions caused by these typhoons were an eye opener for the authorities. The government has leant a lesson, albeit in a virulent way.Precautionary measures have been taken now on a massive scale, and not later. The typhoon Durian in Philippines could have caused less causality if there were by the bye intervention of the authorities to move the people of flood prone area to safer elevated area. As there is the possibility of disasters happening any time, people near the Mayon volcano have been shifted several times right after the warning of some impending disaster, which is perhaps the only way to prevent causality and loss of property. In this the city has set an example.

Red Lake High School Shooting Essay

Jeffrey James Jeff Weise was an Ojibwe Native American adolescent, and a student at Red Lake Senior High School in Red Lake, Minnesota. He killed nine people and wounded tailfin others in a shooting spree on March 21, 2005, when he was that 16 years old. Weise first murdered his grand tyro and grand breeds girlfriend at his trailer home in Red Lake. He then shot and killed an unarmed security guard, a teacher and five students at Red Lake Senior High School. The shooting ended when Weise affiliated suicide.Research shows that Jeff was a strange young man, interested in black letter things black clothing and Nazism, but a look a forgetful further into his past led to a few interesting revelations. Jeffs parents were never married, because his mother was only 17 when she gave birth. She was forced to will Jeff to his father when he was three months old. and then when he was two his mother took him back. She was reportedly an abusive alcoholic with a tendency to both physic comple telyy and emotionally abuse her first born son. In 1997 Jeffs father perpetrate suicide after a two day standoff with police.Then in 1999 his mother suffered brain damage after a cable car accident in which she had been drinking and driving. Jeff was then placed in the electric charge of his grandmother at the Red Lake Reservation. Jeff did not have the right imbibe in life. His parents should have been older and more than ready for a youngster when he was born. They likewise should have been married. Jeff also should have had a more stable home life as an infant. It is doubtful that he had a firm attachment with his mother or father considering that he was passed betwixt them at 3 months old and 2 years old. He also should not have been physically or emotionally abused.His mother failed him in that aspect and the fact that she was an alcoholic makes it even worse. It is also doubtful that Jeff dealt with his fathers suicide in a healthy way. He did not have the support that he should have had from his mother. By the time he got to his grandmothers care he had already led a very difficult life. This ties in to every chapter that we have discussed so far. It refers to attachment, abuse, adolescence and everything. It all goes back to the first thing we talked about that said when parents fail to give their child a good start in life everybody suffers, as is the case with the families of Jeffs victims.

Profiteering By Nonprofit Organizations Essay

Buckhoff and Parham provide documented information toward the financial fuck up of employees and volunteers inwardly nonprofit organisations (NPOs). Citations include legal case results from some(prenominal) prominent NPOs, including Good leave alone Industries and the Carnegie Institute. The research commotions reasoning that rot by an NPO whitethorn well be due to the isolated unethical behavior of primeval individuals. Buckhoff and Parham retrospect how the a few individuals affect worldly concern perception of the organization as a whole even when no unethical activities by the NPO as an organization be legally founded.The research offered is life-sustaining to this radical as it introduces corruption as an existing act within an NPO, however non necessarily by an NPO. Hanson, J. (2008). Culture, change, and cascading damage at a joined Way. journal of Nonprofit & man Sector Marketing, 20(1), 119. buttocks Hanson, PhD, is the Director of Development, Evanston no rthwesterly Healthcare Foundation. Hanson has published oer 60 document focused upon tertiary world interactions with nonprofit organizations, g overnmental interaction, and complaisant standings of the Muslim faith.Hanson gives credence to loving sphere of influence concerns when nonprofit organizations aligned with semipolitical ideals, opposed by the usual normal empyrean, continue to elicit well-bred vault of heaven sustenance not equitably distributed across stated mission programs. Hanson cites direct family relationships between stinting greed by non-profit executives through obscure programs and associated political agendas. The research introduces the line Social Contract (pp. 123-4) as Hanson provides confirmable evidence towards ethical bungle and potential profiteering.The research provided in this piece offers significant support toward exploring social expectations and ethical challenges when defining profiteering by nonprofit organizations. Kelman, S. (2007). Public Administration and fundamental law Studies. Academy Of Management Annals, 1. 225-267. Steven Kelman, PhD, is a Director of Governmental Studies at John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. Kelman has published over 64 studys and books think to the sketch of organizational studies, nonprofit management, and governmental influence.This study focuses upon academic interests toward the progressive innovation of nonprofit entities as an isomorphic structure bridging private and civil sector service organizations. Kelman focuses upon an increasing manifestation of financial greed and managerial corruption fostered by a declining interest in nonprofit studies by elder academic bodies. The article provides evidence toward the shift between methodological and empirical research necessary to capture and report the differences between economic payoff and social outcomes to which governmental and non-profit organizations are accountable.This research pres ented is critical to the individual record of profiteering as it provides a compilation of historical case analysis within the (un)ethical behavior of nonprofit organizations. Levi, M. (2006). The media construction of financial white-collar crimes. British Journal of Criminology, 46(6), 1037-1057. doi10. 1093/bjc/az1079 Michael Levi, PhD, is a retired British Magistrate and professor of law. Levis research focuses in the beginning upon how social media build and often accelerate public concern over white-collar crimes.The critical cases assessed by Levi review for-profit activities with only a casual review over nonprofit organizations. However, the study offers that with both for-profit and nonprofit activities, media lividness produces an undue criticism upon financial misconduct. The information gained from this study, supports the necessary assessment and parity of financial misconduct by nonprofit activities and that of a limited human activity of individuals during brie f moments of the organizations existence.Nahan, M. & DCruz, D. (2004).NGOs undermining democracy. Review Institute of Public Affairs, 56(4), 7-9. Nahan and DCruz share a combined success of publishing over 160 studies and texts focused upon the relationship between U. S. non-profit organizations (non-governmental organizations) and a global NPO marketplace. Researching non-profit intrusion upon political corruption Nahan et al, observe a tendency for corrupt government offices to cast doubt upon supporting NPO programs both within the U. S. and abroad.A social-political review of the Newmont Mining Company and Indonesian governmental activities within its mining fabrication is provided as designated NGOs supporting activities between major entities as a public sector watchdog demonstrate broad-spectrum signs of corrupt activities. This paper supports a relationship between non-profit activities and political corruption. Rashid, S. (2006). Watchman, who watches thee? Donors and co rruption in less-developed countries. Independent Review, 10(3), 411. Rashid provides a critical study over financial misconduct by public sector and tierce sector organizations.Over the past ecstasys, several nations working with the join Nations have supported the development of Watchdog organizations. These are public charities or other designated NPOs given the task to monitor mission and fiscal related national and international activities of other public and nonprofit organizations. Rashid offers that unethical activities are not only conducted by NPO/NGO activities, but also by donors of such activities in the reporting and distribution of materials, goods, and funding.Observing NPO activities in third world nations, Rashid finds that watchdog organizations become compromised as donors assert both political and public influence. The study provides critical insight in the lead to question methods of monitoring, reporting, and correcting unsound financial activities by NP Os. Shughart, I. F. (2011). Disaster relief as bad public policy. Independent Review, 15(4), 519-539. Shughart summarizes the governmental and social response toward fiscal distribution and political reliance upon nonprofit organizations supporting post hurricane Katrina recovery.Shughart researches the negative results of relying upon organizations of good will when awarding liberal grants with limited means of accountability or oversight. A relevant correlation is formed, demonstrating the relationship between federally funded nonprofit fate relieve activities and slack political controls. Seminal works by mishap scholars and government reports investigating post hurricane Katrina cited arguments regarding fiscal nepotism by executives and the path leading to long-term social sector harm.The research supports concerns of nonprofit fiscal misconduct through publically documented federal research into Hurricane Katrina activities. Tarlson, N. G. (2008). Donor-advised funds Prepari ng for impending scrutiny. Journal of Accounting, 205(1), 28-31. Nick Tarlson is a CPA and owner of Tarlson & Associates of San Francisco. Tarlson also acts as an adjunct faculty member of graduate programs in accounting, finance, and taxation at Golden Gate University.In this publication, Tarlson summarizes congressional interests in adjusting the regulatory policies disposal donor-advised funds (DAF). The interest and proposed guidance is that DAF become a standardization utilize to many charitable activities with strict policies and punitive actions when disregarding the desired distribution of funds. Incentives are offered to both donor and charity for supporting these new policies which offer the research into NPO fiscal corruption a potential alternative and tonic action in resolution to the growing dilemma of fiscal fraud.Tilley, C. (2010). arise to our standards. Financial Management (14719185), 50. Charles Tilley, PhD, is the CEO of the Chartered Institute of Managemen t Accountants. He has published or edited over 100 scholarly papers and books. Governments from around the world have coalesced to establish anti-corruption agencies that operate with, further outside of local and federal government prevue from any nation. Tilley reviews the concerns of fiscal management by NPOs from the perspective of professional accountants.A concern introduced by Tilley and pursued by the research of this paper, is the influence political decisions have upon the funding of public charities by governmental offices. This article provides an international private sector review of shared concerns by civil and public sector agents desire to understand the cause and control mechanisms of increased fiscal mismanagement by nonprofit executives. Tuckman, H. P. , & Chang, C. E. (1998). How pervasive are abuses in fundraising among nonprofits. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 9(2), 211.Howard Tuckman, PhD, is a professor of economics and dean of the College of Busin ess, Virginia Commonwealth University. Cyril Chang, PhD, is a professor of economics at the Fogel College of Business and Economics, University of Memphis. The research and publication of this paper reflect a study of fundraising abuses in 1988. The report is inherently dated and subsequently immaterial toward validating current practices. However, the research identifies a subjective concern towards duplicitous activities that is subsequently negated, or at least minimized, following a soft scientific study.While current articles, studies, books, and published papers identify a continued concern toward NPO fundraising and distribution of funds received, the work of Tuckman and Chang present a need for continued qualitative research. It is imperative that the reasoning and outcome of this paper or similar research be included into any fret to expose unethical conduct of fiscal activities by NPOs. Werker, E. , & Ahmed, F. (2008). What do nongovernmental organizations do? The Jour nal of Economic Perspectives, 22(2), 73-92. Werker and Ahmed summarize accountability over the past decade of government activities outsourced to nonprofit activities.Executed as a means to master government costs of operations, there is an increased number of programs redistributed from the civil sector agencies to nonprofit entities assigned to supersede traditional government activities. This paper identifies how non-profit organizations miraculously appear with no past performance or write up only to receive committed funding, often in excess of the originally expenditure to manage civil sector programs. The information presented within this paper offers supporting information toward nonprofit organizations and issues of political corruption.

Functionalism: Sociology and Social Order

The officealist prototype of how inn plant life has umteen limitations and few strengths. Explain and also asses this thought process. By Sadhana sanba In the study of sociology, utilitarianist perspective is a view of edict that focuses on the behavior various parts of society have functions and live in a consensus that maintain the stability and loving order of the whole. Functionalist set of how society working tends to focus to be an organized, stable, well integrated trunk , in which most members agree on base grades which is as called value consensus. except, functionalist theory alongside the other school of theories such as marrxism (conflict theory) and interactionism is criticized for having many limitsaitons of explaining thew social phenomenon of its working. Herbert spencer an early functionalist and later emile Durkheim comp bes the working of society to the organic coincidence and the way a biological organisms works. Any organisms has a structure- tha t is , a curry of inter-related components, such as head, limbs, a heart lungs and so on.Each of these parts has functions that is a positive and remove consequence for the whole system. In th3ee same way, spencer argued , a society has structure. Its inter-related parts are family, religion, values and norms, social elements and so on. Ideally,hence, to each one of these componenets also has a function that contributes to the overall stability of social system. However, the proportion has many . limmits. it is difficult for example to compare the way organisms grow to the way society grows and change. Is therea social equivalent to the DNA the genetic program point in every species?Does a society really have a series of complementary institution together to make the whole function smoothly to the mutual benefit of all? Although, Modern-structural-functionalism does not press the semblance between a society and an organism and has subsequently been much corking and modified, however, the functionalist view of how society works still has few strength provided Talcott Parson(1951) argues that any society has four functional needs or pre-requisites that need to be met for it to survive these are adaptation ,goal attainment, consolidation and latency (AGIL).However , his model of societys working has been havily criticized for being bland abd fruitless by the way arsons went about examining society. Parsons also tried to show how consensus based on shared values is essential to social order. He also reason that the stratified system is crucial in mainting consensus in society which, in the other way, conflict theory of karl marx describes as inequality.Parsons and Durkheim evidently sawing machine social inequality stratification as a necessary and ecumenic feature of society and that inequality could be mitigated by the preponderance of social mobility completely disregarding the fact that social inquality in a society is a key source of social confli ct and dominancy. Also, the functional view of assuming the worldly concern of a meritocratic society i. e, a society where everyone has a equal chance og achieving high social position and reward is not contextual.This kind of role and effects only works if many other features of society are ignored and nonetheless distorted.. here, Melvin Tumin (1953) argues that how and wherefore are some social position assumed to be functionally more important than others ? Who decided and how ? The concept of functional satisfication is value affluent and deciding which postions are functionally more important than others cannot be do objectively for example the payment that the top football stars in the Uk and the net income of the prime minister in the same country. The players ears six times mored than the semipolitical figure .Hence, society always cannot be induced by the visible rewards and functional theory maybe dysfunctional and damaging it may knuckle under conflict and ant agonism between social strata rather than furthering social integration to which Weberain view explains the dynamics of stratification in modern society with existence of conflicts between owners and workers creating white collar and blue collar workers. Functional view of creating social order an important model of society ,has been criticized for its limitation on the fact that it serves only the selfish ambitions of the rich and powerful.As Durkhein believes t hat society is in its essence its moral codes . The rules and order, the degree competitiveness between nation and governmental conducts help to cement and build social order he called them the mechanical and organic principles of solidarity . The description of mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity provides insides about the basic way of forming social order in society which in spunk Max Weber argues is more applicable and impliable only in the industrial complex societies and is criticized by Marx for disregardin g the poor , economically weak and labour as in his words, society.Hence, the phenomenon of collective conscience and value consensus the functionalist theory implies in one way or other inherently conservative that is concentrate only on a particular social theme. It does not construe that order and conflict exist side by side and as Marx says is achieved through the domination by the few over the many, and that domination is potential because it excogitates the economic circumstances of the groups which is constantly unstable as it is based on equality and continuing conflict of interest between those who own the way of production and who dont.In the same way interactionist view of how society works emphasizes that members of societies are not just constrained in their everyday lives by moral codes or by economic relationships but that each private are actors in each situation they negotiate or front to which is also simplifiedly said situational interaction Hence, functionl ist perspective is limited with logical business it embraces,if something in society is recurrent, functionlist say that it must be meeting a need.Functionalism lacks any real power to explain social change or changes. It leans heavily towards describing society in a stable condition and seems to emphasizes the status- quo the media reflect all views, women are domestically oriented, marriages are happy, all individualist are ladened by values and norms that they internalize confining into it to create social order and so on.Functionalist risk the temptation of dismissing disruptive changes as dysfunctional, even if those changes are necessary, inevitable and beneficial in the long run However functionalist theory perspective is useful in explaining the functions or consequences, that a presumptuousness element has in society which contribute the stability of the social system as a whole and hence, therefore, insights human beings of their existence and role in a society. Posted b yingsamaat906 AM 1 comment 1. BuzzerOctober 9, 2011 931 AM It really helped me a lot. ReplyDelete Add comment

Compare and Contrast Frank Mccourt’s Stories

A young boy named impolite McCourt the age of clubhouse is the main character of this history, Typhoid feverishness. Told from his perspective, he explains his experiences of having typhoid febrility in bed rest at a hospital in Ireland. era in the hospital, free-spoken gets to know a girl named Patricia, who is a patient in hospital for diphtheria. Disregarding the nuns warnings, they act to talk to each other and share poetry. In the middle of utter a poem, The Highwayman, the nun punishes them by putting plainspoken in a different room.Soon after, Patricia dies without Frank ever hearing the rest of the poem. A nice, old janitor searches a local pub for the end of the poem and lastly tells Franks the very sad ending of the poem. Although Education of Frank McCourt also features Frank McCourt as the main character, this Frank McCourt is much older being a middle- aged man. As an English teacher in the United States, Frank struggles to tell his students about his poverty a nd lack of education during his childhood in fear that they will think badly of him.Teaching his students, he helps them to find their committal to writing voices by recording them speak and writing it down. He gave them encouragement with phrases like, withdraw deeper. Dance your own dance. Later in his retirement, he finds that he contain to take his own advice when it comes to him writing his own book. All he had indispensable to do was pick up the pen. These two stories are both akin and unalike in several ways. Firstly, like most stories, both stories involve the main character dealing with a struggle.While in Typhoid Fever Frank is dealing with his recovery from typhoid fever, and in The Education of Frank McCourt he struggles with finding his own voice to suitable relate the story of his childhood on paper. These two stories are dissimilar in a way, too, because they are told from different perspectives. The first story is told by the boy who was real there suffering from typhoid fever. However, the second story is told by a third-person that played no part in the story and is simply retelling it. While these two stories are quite alike, they are quite unalike as well.

Ethical and Cultural Implications in the U.S. Supermarket Industry Essay

The supermarket industry in the U. S. is before long veneering many challenges in ethics and culture. The industry not further consists of traditional grocers but other different types of retailers, like Wal-Mart and Target, that are attempting to list profits from the viands industry. An estimation of the amount that consumers spend on food annually is $500 billion. The traditional supermarkets are losing their market shares because of supercenters like Wal-Mart, Costco, surface-to-air missiles Club and Dollar stores. In 2001, Wal-Mart became the largest seller of food.The supermarket industry is facing many challenges in attracting shoppers that are attracted to the decline prices offered at the larger supercenters. Approaches that supermarkets whitethorn focus on to attract to a greater extent of the market share implicate offering organic foods, friendlier neighborhood market service, fully-prepared or semi-prepared foods, cultural and pagan foods, friendly, helpful emplo yees and service, technological advancements, digital signs, self-check-outs, and mobile terminals for employees making their services more available to customers.While the larger supercenters are providing much competition, it will beat back the supermarket industry to make the necessary changes that will attract customers who prefer friendlier service, prime(prenominal) foods, prepared foods, and whole step service due to more advanced technology. over time, the Ameri potful consumer will be attracted to a food industry that caters to quality of product and service, rather than the supercenters that provide products at discounted prices and offer a lower quality of service and product. This paper addresses the ethical and cultural dilemmas facing the supermarket industry, and how it can make changes to ensure that both consumers and companies are ethical and culturally fine to the changing industry.

Business Communication Essay

?IntroductionIn this as consecratement I am essential to justify the different typewrites of business breeding use by the business organisation that I obligate chosen for example verbal, written, non-verbal, non-written, multimedia system and so forth I impart also be writing their sources and decides and analysing the different types of knowledge. I will then evaluate the appropriateness of business information used to affect strategic decisions. The business that I choose chosen is Sainsburys. Sainsburys is a public limited comp some(prenominal) (PLC). It is the second largest chains of supermarkets in the United Kingdom in the retailing business. Sainsburys was first established with a shop in Drury Lane, and then became the largest grocery retailer in 1922.Sainsburys yields food and drink, home and garden, technology, toys, entertainment, clothing and much much for their nodes. This comes at a lower place the tertiary sector business that leave alones a valu suf ficient service that customers and separate businesses atomic number 18 prep ared to pay for. From where they had first started doneout the years they have hit the ceilinged it by selling different varieties of products to satisfy their customers as salubrious as giving them new products to purchase.Types of InformationSourcePurpose compendiumVerbal- type to face communication closely gross revenue reports between lag and sales manager (meetings). inner(a) Source- Marketing Department. This is because this department masss with sales as they ignore cash in ones chips information round the results of research under haltn by Sainsburys. Face to face discussions could be used by the marketing department to explain/update by communicating sales promotions. Using this opportunity through the meeting the sales manager will also have an overview of how well the engagementees are doing their job. It is eventful for Sainsburys to have face to face meetings to the highest d egree sales reports often, so that the go with itself knows what strikes to be mendd and how they are progressing currently.Marketing department helpsthis type of verbal communication by modify the company using promotions and sales so they can achieve more than meshwork for themselves and shareholders. Verbal-A peal conversation more or less a customer enquiring about a product (staff helping a customer through telephone line checking if the product that customer commands is in stock). outer Source-Customer operate Department. This is because customer run deals with customers issues or any enquiries they magnate have to do with the products or the store they can speak to a Sainsburys representative. A telephone conversation could be used by the customers services department to inform rising developments on customers response to existing products and services. However Sainsburys doesnt just deal with products, they deal with different types on insurances, mobiles, enlis ting and so on. It is big for Sainsburys to have telephone conversations with customers because this way they are fitting to know customers opinions about certain topics and anything they would like to enquire about it e.g. products, services Sainsburys provide. The customer services department helps this type of communication by informing staff and managers about future developments. Verbal-Speeches about expanding on areas that assumes modifyment (increasing an amount of tills to avoid customers waiting for a long period of time in the queue).Internal Source- Production Department. This is in this specific department because with merchandise they are up to(p) to know what areas exigency improving and so along with past and future levels of production, this department knows how to deal with it in detail. They are able to know what kind of be Sainsburys will be dealing with in arrange to expand tills which will then move on to the marketing department. Speeches about expan ding on areas that need improvement could be used by inviting support for activities so that Sainsburys can avoid bad service coming from their employees. This mean an report needs to be given to employees and others as it is crucial for them to know wherefore this new improvement in the business is happening. It is important for Sainsburys to have speeches on areas that need improvement because in order for the company to expand and improve, improvement onamount of tills to avoid customers not only helps improve the company but attracts more new and existing customers too.Also the production department can help as they can specify what areas need to be developed and write in detail about the costs and spacing will be needed to create the new tills for the store. Written-Web-based information about employment and recruitment (information of the companys meshworksite about vacancies available). Internal Source- Human Resources. This is based in this department because human reso urces can provide information about the staffing and training at heart Sainsburys. Web-based information displays many benefits of multimedia technology. Web-based information about recruitment can be used by human resources to update knowledge and offer employment through multimedia technology. Sainsburys website gives different varieties of choices of job roles. They also provide specific searches to intromit the commonwealth look for a specific store to work in and the kind of the job role they want. It is important for Sainsburys to have web based information about employment and recruitment because this helps the company employ pile to work for them. It gives a chance for people to use the website find out out what kind of vacancies the company has going on and what sort of rules too.It is important that the human resources department deals with this type of communication as they are advised of what kind of resources is needed to create/improve the website. Written-On scr een information about sales, advertising, products and promotions on certain products (e.g. food, homecare, TU clothing etc). Internal Source- Marketing Department. This is sectioned in this department because marketing campaigns, promotions and information about the market, Sainsburys can take care of this department well. On screen information about sales and promotions could be used by inviting support for activities for a primary purpose of fashioning a clams. By inviting support for activities they can increase more sales on other products to make more profit. It is important for Sainsburys to have on screen information about sales, advertising and promotions on products because with promotions on products the company not only will be able to expand by attracting more customers, but they will also be gaining more profit which means more shareholders too. It is important that the marketing department deals with advertising, sales and promotions, because they can give informati on about the results of research theyundertake, which means they can see what their competitors are doing and how their own company can make improvements.Written-Emails for queries regarding certain topics customers would like to discuss (Sainsburys bank, recruitment and website technical queries etc). External Source- Customer services department. This is based in the customer services department because consumers are able to discuss what kind of issues they want to with the company. Emails for queries regarding certain topics customers would like to discuss, could be used by informing future developments. This is because a business cannot develop and grow more than how much Sainsburys is wanting and aiming for if they do not hear what their customers have to say and so emails is one of the communication techniques so that Sainsburys can know their views on certain things. It is important that the company lets customers have access to emailing Sainsburys for any kind of queries cus tomers would like to discuss. This is because their opinions and allowing them to express their views will help Sainsburys improve/expand. If Sainsburys do this customers will feel satisfied that their opinions are existence heard and action is being taken.Also it is important that the customer services department deal with this type of communication because Sainsburys can give consumers the information they are wanting to know about existing products or even providing a service. Non-Verbal-Deaf person wanting to know which isle in the store is a product in (asking a staff member). External Source-Human Resources. This is located in this department because employees within the stores can help customers who are deaf and wanting a product within the store and so asking help from a staff member. A deaf person wanting to know where a product is in the store could be used by inviting support for activities as information is very important and needs to be required through communicatio ns in order to support the business and keeping it running and successful. However for deaf people Sainsburys can hire employees that can communicate with deaf people using sign language.It is important in Sainsburys that a deaf person wanting to know where certain things are the employees of this company can help them. By doing this Sainsburys are able to show that they provide a service that many other stores might not offer. It is important that it is located in the human resources department because employees who can do sign language can help give information towards the customers who are deaf. or so of theseemployees might need training for this and human resources department are able to sort that out for them. Multi-Media- PowerPoint presentation presentation sales figures (how much profit they have made within 2 months). Internal Source- Finance Department. This is in this department because they will have information relating to Sainsburys performance including profit and loss figures, balance sheet and the costs of running Sainsburys.PowerPoint presentation showing sales figures could be used by updating knowledge for eyesight how much profit they have made during a period of time. This is because so they can know what needs to be done IF they are making less profit. It also updates knowledge to see how well they are doing within sales figures. This is important in Sainsburys because PowerPoint presentations that show sales figures allows the company to know how much profit they have made and how well they are doing currently. It is important that the finance department deals with this because they will have an amount of information that includes costs, sales and how much profit the company is making.

Global Marketing Essay

Sinar Sosro Private Limited is the first company that introduced bottled jasmine teatime to the public in Indonesia in the year 1940. The family started their wrinkle in fundamental Java, Indonesia which then expanded their market to Jakarta, Indonesia. Initially, the jasmine tea was brewed on the percentage point and served to the consumers. However, after they expand their market to Jakarta, they realize that the consumers find the tea that was brewed on the spot find the drink is too hot to be consume.Thus Sosro hang out with a new strategy, the bottling system of rules. In 1970, they came out with the first practice of the bottle where tea was pre-brewed and bottled when it was cooled down and thus sell it to the consumers. The design of the bottle changed again in 1972 and 1974, which the latter design was used till now. Today, at that place are 4 different products which are under Sosro Logo. They are Bottled Sosro tea, Sosro increase tea, Sosro Teabag and Sosro Joy Gr een Tea.In addition to the local market, Sinar Sosro had to a fault penetrated to the oversea market mainly by exporting their products in Tetra Pak and push aside packages to several(prenominal) countries much(prenominal) as Malaysia, capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of Singapore, Brunei Darussalan and several countries in the Middle einsteiniumern countries, Africa, Australia and unify States. In this report, I will be investigating and analyse the opportunities pull with in Singapore for Sosro brand product which is the Sosro Teabag which comes from Indonesia. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF capital of SingaporeSingapore is known as one of the best province in the world for having the suit fitting environs for line. locate at the crossroads of the world-wide trade routes, it is a constant top survival by multinationals governance to invest their money in. Singapore is known as a multi-cultural country with its diverse ethnic group, thus the varieties of cuisines are always in neediness. fare and Beverage fear is one of the major business in Singapore and there is always a market for investors under this sector.Below, we will be analyzing the environment of Singapore and it is chosen to be the destination of the product. GEOGRAPHIC Located in the central of South East Asia, Singapore has one of the major advantages in doing business through their sea routes. The approachability of the outside(a) and national transportation as well as the natural seaport had allowed Singapore to be one of the important hubs in the international trading. Changi Airport, the international aerodrome of Singapore allows the country to connect with more than 180 countries in the world.This status allows them to easily rile to all the premier Asian market. SOCIO-CULTURAL / PEOPLE With a population of more than 4 million mass including expatriates, Singapore is a densely populated island with different races of people livin g harmoniously together. The people are the main drive behind most of the brass decisions which charter to provide a better life for the people. With a population evolution rate of 3. 1% in 2009, the literacy rate of the population comes up to 95% in total contributes to the economic boom in Singapore.The increase of the population plays a major part in the increase of the demand oddly in the manufacturing field. Singapore is a knowledge based country, thus explained the passing educated people in the country. According to the Labor Force rating Measurement report, Singapore has the best labor force in the world. some of them suck high productivity, technical proficiency, work hard and work alacrity culture. With pros coming from all over the world, they bring extensive knowledge and professional expertise as well as experience which also contributes to the upbeat of Singapore.The distribution channels for the food and beverage industry in Singapore can be divided into tw o main sectors. They are through retailers (includes wet markets, shopping malls, and supermarkets) and food services (e. g. hotels, restaurants, airlines). When it comes to distributing the products, many of them are controlled by local suppliers and their agents. Many of the channels prefer to purchase the products directly from the suppliers if they have large rig quantity, for example, NTUC Fairprice and Cold Storage.However, for those who have a smaller order quantity will purchase their products from reliable suppliers. INFRASTRUCTURE Constant upgrading of the countrys infrastructure, Singapore remains as one of the most seek after country by investors to do their business. It is also ranked as Asias top convention city which had hosted some of the worlds most prestigious events. Depending on the size or nature of the business, investors can choose to send up their operations in an industrial/business park, own establishments or move into a readily available moneymaking(pr enominal) establishings.As it is a technology savy country, Singapore tries to use technology to build up their efficiency and approximately 99% of the population have glide path to internet broadband network. POLITICAL / LEGAL Singapore political system is one that depicts laws, decides priorities and sets regulations using a rational and pro-business approach. It have a lot of bringing the country to the front line of the industrialized nations with its stable and cleanly governance. Singapore government emphasizes its efficiency and effectiveness in every locomote of life.As it is run with integrity and transparent, investors can set up their business in an efficient manner without any hassle, bureaucratic delays or the need to pay corrupt officials. According to World Banks report, Singapore is rated strongly for government effectiveness, regulatory quality and control of corruption. Singapore government reviews their policies and programmes and takes extreme measure to re store their economy back to stable as quickly as possible if they come upon economic crisis.Development of Singapore laws reflect and awareness of the need to recognize and accommodate the investors with their current international business and commercial practices. As there are clear-cut laws regarding workings hours, minimum wages, industrial protection and revenueation, Singapore makes an attractive place for investors to set up and operate their businesses. ECONOMY unrivalled of the major reasons of doing business in Singapore is the economic factor. Being a member of ASEAN (Association of South East Asia) and FTA (Free Trade Agreement) allows Singapore to be of the best destination to do their business.As part of the member of FTA, Singapore had signed an agreement on the harsh Effective Preferential Tariff (CEPT) scheme on 28 January 1992 which aims to rule out tariffs and non-tariff barriers in the region. Other than Singapore, countries who are part of the ASEAN had als o signed the agreement. Investors also enjoy a range of benefits such as preferential access to certain sectors, attractive value regime, liberal immigration policies and intellectual retention protection. Taxes are always an important factor that all investors take into consideration.One of the unique advantages of Singapore is that they have low corporate taxes. Companies that earn realize up to SGD 300,000 are imposed with 9% tax and it is capped at 18% for the amount more than that. Furthermore, Singapore follow a single-tier tax policy which means investors will be able to receive dividends tax free. In order to move away from direct taxes, Singapore government have adopted a more broad based utilisation tax which is known as Goods and Services Taxes (GST) which is 7%. Intellectual blank space Protection is taken seriously in Singapore.Investors or companies are able to register their assay-marks in Singapore and also to apply for global trademark registration. In order to promote their economy, Singapore government had also realised few programmes which is to assist investors to improve the efficiency and explore new opportunities. The availability of loans, grants and tax incentive as well as equity finance gave many investors the reason to invest in Singapore. COMPETITORS As all the training above mentioned, we know that the industry of food and beverage in Singapore is a thriving business.Thus there are many companies that brought in their products to the country. In the current market, there are many competitors that bring in their product. Using our product as a category, we have tea brands such as Lipton, Dilmah, Twinnings, Boh Plantations tea and many others as our competitors. CONCLUSION After analyzing the environment of Singapore, we realize that there are many opportunities that can be explored by the company for our products. With the correct strategy and right marketing strategy, we will be able to have a competitive advantage agains t other competitors and shed our brand to the front.Looking at the economy of Singapore and how the government make decisions with the pro-business attitude, we believe that Singapore will be a good choice of location to invest the product. REFERENCES 1. EDB Singapore (2009), Singapore Facts and Figures, July 24 2010 http//www. fta. gov. sg/benefit. htm 2. FTA Singapore (2008), Benefits of FTA, July 24, 2010 http//www. fta. gov. sg/benefit. htm 3. boil down Singapore (2009), Business Opportunities, July 27, 2010 http//www. focussingapore. com/singapore-industry/business-opportunities. tml 4. Guide Me Singapore (2008), Advantages of Doing Business in Singapore, July 25, 2010 http//www. guidemesingapore. com/business/c643-singapore-business-setup-benefits. htm 5. Kotabe, M. and Helsen, K. (2008) Global Marketing Management, John Wiley and Sons Inc. United States of America 6. Sosro (2008), Company Profile, July 23, 2010 http//www. sosro. com/sejarah-bisnis. php 7. Statistics Singapo re (2007), Latest Data, July 24, 2010 http//www. singstat. gov. sg/stats/latestdata. html

I Miss your Beauty and Vibes Essay

A Mixed Tex-Cal marriage, an article written by the author Jose Burciaga, Texan, tells us intimately his new livelihood after getting married to a atomic number 20n woman, Cecilia. At first, the author tells that he thought that he and his wife lead common ideas and beliefs because they were both Chi dealos. Then, he shows that he was surprised when he discover the different customs and ideas he and his wife have because they were from different grounds. They lived for a couple of years in Washington, DC and Alexandra, Virginia, then, they settled in calcium near the beaches and the soft stick out.The writer argues that Texas Chicanos atomic number 18 more attached with their traditions than Californian Chicanos who show more Americanization. After some years, he grew to like California food and drink, just now still missed the weather and the smell of Texas. From Burciaga s article, I can understand what he went through to get use to Californian traditions. Like him, I als o miss my native polish. contempt the smash and extra opportunities in simoleons, my heart still aches for Oran. Oran is a howling(prenominal) city located in the northwest of Algeria, known for its beautiful beaches and food.Chicago to me is one of the most beautiful cities in the world, with its beautiful tall buildings, greens spices. However, Burciaga was satisfied with the weather of California, like he says, I am all spoiled and laid-back in Northern Califias, In contrast it was threatening for me in getting used to the cold weather of Chicago. In fact, the divagation among Oran and Chicago is evident in weather, beauty, movement and food. First, the weather of Oran is oftentimes beautiful and mild. In capitulation, when we are on our way to school, the wind blows lightly and rapidly as if its spirit is pushing me to be on time.When liberation back home at 12 pm for lunch the weather is warm, the sun sparkles, the birds sing, wed think spring has already come. Ho wever, most of the autumn nights were horrible because the wind blew strongly it sounds like bad spirits are trying to unlock the windows. By the winter the rain fell generally at night, the buildings satisfym freshly washed and the roadways are already dried in the mornings but the weather is cold. Stepping to March, the gardens and forests become green and extensive of flowers. Once May is over, the summer is already there.The weather is warm but not stifling and the sea at the beaches is sparkling and full of life with many swimmers. This is in contrast to Chicago where the weather is often unacceptable. In the winter, when I am outside, I am afraid that I willing lose feeling in my legs when the freezing sensation emerges from the soft snow. gloam in Chicago is a lovely, pale, orange view with the golden leaves binding the streets. It is disappointing when most of springy days are cloudy and rainy. Fortunately, we can get the mild warm weather during summer in Chicago.Se cond, Oran is a small, pretty city full of life. From a distance you can see the long green balcony along the city center next to the shortly pretty buildings engraved from top to bottom. Going through the city center, cafes are already full and active at 9 am and the roads are busy with the noisy cars. I lived in Bir El Djir, a quiet neighborhood 28 Km far from the city center. Bir El Dgir is a luxury neighborhood full of villas. From the window of our kitchen, I could see our beautiful garden and our neighbors gardens too, I could also overhear their conversations and shouting.I matte up always happy and full of life in this effervescent environment. It is kinda different in Chicago, a big wonderful city with more stillness. Downtown Chicago is a encompassing stretch of tall buildings, we account any clutter or cracks in the roads, every building and road is shiny and neat, the luxurious clothes and furniture are apparent from the stores wide show cases. Tourists hang their shopping bags they seem fascinated by the beauty of Chicago. Third,Oran is a city of Haute Cuisine. Along all the big avenues of Oran, the savory concoction smell of pastry travels from the bakeries.Approaching a bakery, our eyes are astonished with the colorful cookies. In front of the showcase, we cant choose between the attractive pieces of pastry. I remember one of the soft chocolate pastries I once picked, covered with frothy cream as much as I describe it can tell how it really tastes. Unlike Chicago, the land of immigration, where eaterys offer many food traditions. For example, I have been once in Usmania , an Indian restaurant, where I tasted Biryani, a tasty dark rice with chicken.Also, we go often to Pita Inn, a Lebanese restaurant where we like to order Shawarma, a thin long piece of grill chicken, salad and tomato twisted in a thin bred. I am glad to discover many foreign traditions I feel that I have anticipateed many countries. In conclusion, Chicago is very cold in the winter, but I appreciate the magical time of snow falling. When skate in the ice rink, I feel like flying in the air. Downtown Chicago, is a magnificent place that i dream to visit every day however, I always think about the lively activity of Oran and miss the savory pizza and dishes.

Of Mice and Men Novel Essay

The novel was set in atomic number 20 in 1937, on a barley farm. The book is about(predicate) 2 guys named George and Lennie. They atomic number 18 2 fri odditys who travels around to clingher going from rub d have gotplace to work place, authorizeing thither keep. To achieve a dream a dream of owning in that location own piece of land to do whatever they emergency. There are alot of characters that are lone(prenominal) in this novel. sugarcoat is one, he is the oldest worker on the farm, and with being a pensioner he is in like manner disabled, but non bye custodytal, but only has one hand. I withdraw this is wherefore people on the ranch assumet real want to know him. Hes old and one-handed. Krooks is an new(prenominal) lonely individual on the ranch, hes also one of a kind in the book. Hes the only black psyche there. Back then it was extremely common for there to be racism, so the fact that a negro was on the ranch made it unbelievably hard for him.Curleys wi fe is another example of one of a kind on the ranch, she is the only woman on the ranch. Her husband frizzly is full of himself, and is always looking for a fight. So in auberge to speak to Curleys wife, is skilful asking for trouble. This doesnt help her, because at first people clean signify shes a slapper whose trying to get the guys at the ranch in trouble. but she really stubt help feeling lonely and wanting a communication with a human being now and then. Feisty Curly is very(prenominal) strict over her and almost has her imprisoned. A way Steinbeck has done this is because you dont even up know her name. the fact that no one wants to get to know her, or just the fact she is kept away from rules of order we dont even know her name.George and Lennie are cardinal guys who are travelling around together, working around wherever they can to earn some money.George is the smaller of the two but the one with the brains. Lennie on the other hand is a big strong lump. The c lassic type of parallel to go travelling around. Lennie isnt just all brute force, he is actually very affectionate he likes soft animals that he can pet. He doesnt quite understand his own power, as you entrust find out later. George takes care of Lennie through there travels, because Lennie wouldnt experience by himself. Even though Lennie is a burden on George, he doesnt just leave Lennie because he knows that hed be nothing without him. Lennie does respect George though like an older brother or parent, he will listen to everything George says and do it. nevertheless everyone else he couldnt give a damnAfter a discussion Lennie and George were having about there dream place, George announces to Lennie he knows somewhere like theyve always talked about. confect over hears as he is still in the room. Now edulcorate is an old swamper, who spends his time sweeping. He doesnt want to live the roost of his life like this. He interrupts there conversation, to give George a marria ge offer of helping them out with the land. He offered a huge sum of money towards it. Maybe he was also buying himself into a relationship. He also offers to cook clean and other various chores around the place. After he offers the money they cant resist the offer or there dream would stay a dream forever. unless I think they knew they could trust Candy as he hasnt got anything to live for or in any way betray the two.Crooks is the only nigger in this story. I think Steinbeck gave a sense that even if you didnt bring the description of crooks you would know he was different somehow. He isnt allowed to manoeuvre cards with the other guys in the bunkhouse, hes not even aloud in the bunkhouse. He has his own room out in the stables, its kind off like theyve just said, now hes out with the other animals. Just because he is a different colour, they just look down on him, like he is an animal. This shows the extent of the racism. barely in one way this is the one thing, crook is aloud to have, that is his own personal space. I think the others respect this as they know if they want to come in, then they need his permission first. He is very plow towards white people, as what they have pout him and his family through for generations. So he is very bitter against racists, and white people in general.When Lennie is in the barn, subsequently his pup died, via the over petting from Lennie. Curlys wife enters the scene. They rally and talk, at first Lennie wants to obey Georges orders, but she convinces him to settle down. I think Steinbeck made this scene more than just to put an end to Curlys wife. I think its also to bring the two most lonely people on the ranch together.All the men are outside horseshoeing, apart from Lennie. And Curlys wife just expelled from everyone as per usual. So after talking, they seem to have made friends. When lennie dialog about his love of animals and soft things, she says he can touch her hair, because its soft. But now after Lenn ie touches her hair it has flipped the story right round to the beginning. Lennie not understanding the delicate female emotions. After stroking her hair for abit, she asks him to stop.But Lennie cant resist, and just has to keep stroking her. After this she thinks shes being attacked or assaulted. She gets very panicky, and starts screaming. This gets George very confused and shake up. In ravish he pleas for her to stop, with his hands around her mouth. This just gets her even more scared and she keeps going. Lennie not knowing what to do, gets angry that shes not listening to him and violently shakes her. Resulting in her breaking her neck. After he realises what hes done. He remembers what George told him, and runs away to the riverside where he was told to go if he caused trouble.Now after everyone had found out Curleys wife was curtly George and curly knew there dream was shattered. Theres nothing they could do to save Lennie from a fait ending only with death. Candy seems v ery unthoughtful and selfish, when he asks George George can we still do it? But I think hes just trying to keep his dream alive for a unforesightful more. He really needed an outlet from the life he is starring(p) at this time. George must have been quite offended, especially how close he was to Lennie. But they both must have been annoyed. Theyve both just had there dream shattered in a moment. I think Candy wanted to keep it alive just for a little longer.

Settling the Rio Grande Valley

Settling the Rio Grande Valley The Rio Grande Valley consists of the southern roughly part of Texas, along the Texas/Mexico border. The population growth in this area was truly slow until the 1900s, when it began to skyrocket. From 1920 to 1930, the population in the Valley more than doubled. One of the important factors for this population increase was the railroad construction. The St. Louis, Brownsville, and Mexico railroads all were completed in 1904. This furthered the elaborateness of the already popular method of irrigation farming in this area.The railroad formation allowed for commercial production of different fruits and vegetables. Irrigation farming became extremely popular in this area and citrus orchards began popping up in this area. The farmers even observed a tree that would thrive in the Valley climate. Irrigation farming became so successful that an amendment was added to the Texas constitution encouraging irrigation and drainage districts. Though it was beco ming very(prenominal) popular, irrigation farming was far more expensive than the dry farming through with(p) in West Texas.It was almost impossible for small farmers to compete with the merged farms and wealthy land owners. The large, corporate farms required extensive staff and thus increased the population. The railroads act to encourage population growth into the 20s and 30s by campaign excursion trains. These trains transported people, free of charge, from North Texas cities into South Texas. The passengers would often times secure land in South Texas and a single excursion could bewilder up to one million dollars in land sales. The economy continued to thrive and population continued to grow.Since most of the Valley consisted of large, corporate farms the farmers relied on low paid laborers and the farms had their own cotton gins, stores, and employee housing. This created a wide snap between the wealthy and the poor, this gap was wider and more apparent than in new( prenominal) areas of the state because there were less small farmers to buffer the gap. Many of the low-wage laborers were African- American or Mexican-American. With that said, not only did rifts between classes become more evident, exclusively also the racial tension became heavier.Earlier, tradition and a relatively electrostatic social and political order made people more humane with the Tejanos. But during the twentieth century, these wealthy land owners were far more unsympathising to the Tejano traditions and culture than in earlier years. This made discrimination more rearing and people became more outspoken with their bigotry. There are many enter events, like the Brownsville Affair to shed light on the extreme racism. In 1906, a documented fight broke out between a black soldier at Fort Brown and a local anesthetic merchant.Since the soldiers arrived at Ft. Brown, the black soldiers were subject to extreme hatred and racism. With this particular incident, shots were open fire and a white man was killed. This just goes to show the intense variation between the classes and the hatred that was shown between the two groups. The railroads, the newly popular irrigation system, and the blue land sales all contributed to the population growth, but because the corporate farms prevail the area, racial tension was very prevalent.

Lady macbeth being disturbed Essay

The authors of Macbeth and The laboratory also have different ways of delineation their characters to be disturbed. One way they do this is that one of the characters feel criminality whereas the other finds some sort of joy from what she is doing. One way Shakespeare highlights bird Macbeth to be disturbed is in Act 5 Scene 1. This is when lady Macbeth says The smell of blood is still there. All the perfumes of Arabia cannot sweeten this small-minded move over This quote is very important in unveiling the difference surrounded by Lady Macbeth and the fabricator of the laboratory.The hyperbole all told the perfumes of Arabia cannot sweeten this little lead informs the reader that lady Macbeth believes that what she has done is irreversible and right off is casted in iron, she is now coming to her sense and becoming more human like by tonus some sort of guilt, we see this as she is certain that all the perfumes of Arabia cannot take this guilt away, Shakespeare is also u sing the smell of blood as a metaphor to educate the reader that lady Macbeth is now talking about the guilt she has bottled up within her and now she needs to ether let someone know or kill herself, we all know at the end that she commits suicide as she buckles under the fear of guilt.In the phrase the smell of blood Shakespeare uses the noun blood to emphasis to the reader that she is feeling guilt, we know this as the noun blood implies she helped kill the king now because of this stumble she has blood on her men. Now the blood has been washed away no one can see it but herself. She is becoming crazy sentiment she sees all this blood, and in scene 4 she spends her days washing her hands of the blood that is not there but has instead stained her soul.This fulminant found guilt backs up the argument from the Jacobean era that women were the weaker sex, some(prenominal) physically, mentally and emotionally , this is why the society was so patristic.Robert Browning portrays th e bank clerk of the metrical composition in a different view, he makes her seem cheerful and enthusiastic about the murder she is about to commit. Grind away, moisten and comminute up thy powder I am not in a haste The poet use onomatopoeia in this quote, word such as grinder, and crush make the reader feel that there is a little bit of excitement in the eyes of the bank clerk, this then leads to the reader realising that the narrator doesnot have any guilt but more of a heart made of stone.Robert Browning also stresses the non-existence of guilt found in the narrators tone by using an assonance of the vowel o, this enhances the poem and creates a sonic like effect. When the narrator is talking to the male druggist she is using very strong imperative verbs such as mash to make it sound as if she is ordering the male apothecary around. This is against the average of the time, as during the Victorian era women were not meant to be homebodies, this was the mans job women were meant to be embodiments of pure virtue, humbleness and also be submissive. The narrator was completely different and was doing what a man should do.

Modern Marriage: The Ultimate Test

Have the roles of manpower and women in br new(prenominal)hood changed in new-fangled rescript? There are many theories hoping to answer this controersial question. One surmise comes from David Popenoe, a Professor of Sociology at Rutgers University. Popenoes possibility of roles in marriage is that a modern marriage needs to be reestablished to a much(prenominal) tralatitious way of living, or to restore the traditional nuclear family of bread-winning husband and regular housewife that flourished in the 1950s (Page 186). a nonher(prenominal) conjecture comes from Karen Zittleman (Ph. D), an education author and instructor who takes her theory of modern marriage and brings it to a three-year-older generation. Zittlemans theory of marriage roles is in more ways than one, especially biologically, boys and girls are more uniform than different and that gendered stereotypes and expectations have a developmental history that starts with learned notions of femininity and mas culinity (Page 236). Both Popenoes and Zittlemans theories are detailually effective. Popenoe opens his reading with a blind drunk questioning on the role conjure up in modern marriage, and he manages to effectively back his claims throughout the essay.Zittleman also opens her reading strongly, jumping beneficial to the point of her thesis and study. Zittleman uses studies conducted by different psychologists, statistics, and many factual statements. Popenoe uses studies conducted by other psychologists and many facts to support his thesis. However, Popenoes theory on such a controversial topic leaves very little or no direction for ambiguity or interpretation while Zittleman leaves her theory open to her readers. Popenoe justifies his theory by first establishing the so-called confusion in todays marital roles.He explains how the amend family life of having a legally and culturally dominant bread-winning husband and an economically dependent full- clipping housewife (Page 1 86) has drastically changed to much confusion over family expectations and marital gender roles (Page 187). Throughout his study, he explained how there were three study downfalls for the shift in martial roles broken families, women failing to juggle family and lap up life, and negative repercussions for men. After noting studies and works done by Bronfenbrenner and Bowlby, Popenoe discusses the biological attri simplyions with the shift of family martial roles.Popenoe explains that a stronger case should be presented at this time, one of declining family perceptual constancy and personal well- creation (Page 193). With this, Popenoe reveals his sevensome Tenents for Establishing New Marital Norms, which is a compensate for societys confusion over marital gender-role expectations. flavour one in his Seven Tenents explains how both girls and boys should be trained according to their abilities. Step two explains that young people should grow up with the expectation that they l eave behind marry once, and they will wait for marriage until they are in their late 20s.Step three includes particularised ages that are proper for men and women to marry. Step four explains that single men and women should start saving for their married lives. Step five infers that women are promote to leave the labor market once children are born. Step sestet explains that the father should take primary responsibility for the children after time with their mothers. Step seven infers the balancing of domestic and paid work. However, Zittleman would mostly disagree with Popenoes theory. In Zittlemans study, she first justifies her theory by presenting two studies done by other psychologist on middle school children iddle school is a critical time for gender identity development (Page 238). The first set of charts displays the sex and track down of the students in 5 public middle schools. Zittleman reveals that gender plays a monumental role in the lives of middle school studen ts, expanding some options, but more often limiting the academic and social development of females and males (Page 241). Zittleman then reveals charts that dumbfound answers that display The best subject close being a boy and the best thing about being a girl. Both sexes had more positive things to say about being a boy than being a girl (Page 241).Zittleman then proceeds to pose the questions, What is the worst thing about being a boy and what is the worst thing about being a girl? For boys, they listed fighting, discipline, poor grades, fear of homophobia, and difficulty with friendships and emotions (Page 241). For girls, comparative aggression was the top answer for most, and that included gossip, spreading rumors and the trust in friends. Zittleman jumps to her main(prenominal) point of importance in educating schools about gender equity. want many theories, there is always room for critique, especially a theory about such a controversial topic.One of the main downfalls of Popenoes essay was the boilersuit structure and organization. For example, Popenoe opens his essay with an introduction that was not well fitted for a reader. Another organizational flaw in Popenoes essay is the lack of charts. Popenoe brings a megabucks of studies and facts to his piece, but there were too many studies placed together which could scramble some of his readers. Popenoe says that although mitigate in population is not an imminent problem, this disposition displays the sentiment among many adults that they do not value having a family as a lifestyle that will fulfill their major values. In appendix to this trend, he correlates the increase in divorces as an indication of a decline in the value of family. He points to the fact that women are increasingly economically independent and therefore able to divorce. He points out that regardless of the fact that this decline is seen in the eyes of feminists as a gain in equality for women, it does not change the fact that it could be seen as the main cause of the breaking up of the nuclear family unit. Popenoes thesis and argument on the whole appear to be extremely obtuse.It seemed that he came at the veer through a very narrow track of research that did not take into account other societal problems that contribute to divorce and other reasons he cites for the shift in martial roles. Popenoe did a wonderful origin when it came to finding facts and studies that proved his theory. Nevertheless, there were too many facts to register which down in the mouth the essays effectiveness. Zittleman however faced a few challenges herself in her study of Being a Girl and Being a Boy. give care Popenoe, one of Zittlemans main downfalls in her essay was the organization.Unlike Popenoe, Zittleman opened her essay with a personal study. Zittleman, also took advantage of using charts, but there were an sweep over amount. Some studies in Zittlemans essay really didnt need to be equal in chart form a simpl e written interpretation would have been better for the readers. There were a few charts that were some times undecipherable to the readers. At times throughout their essays, both Popenoe and Zittleman became unaware of their interview, which could have explained the misrepresent views in Popenoes essay.It can be argued that Zittlemans target audience could be students, but it mostly pertains to the professors and teachers. When it came to Popenoe, his target audience was rather confusing at times I really couldnt place a proper target audience for his essay. Both Popenoes and Zittlemans essays try to answer the question of the shift of roles in modern marriage. Though Zittleman uses charts and Popenoe doesnt, the styles in both works are best mute by an audience of pre-educated readers in this topic. After re-reading both studies done by both authors, heir area of study is similar, but the way they approached it was exclusively different. All in all, both Zittleman and Popenoe do a great bank line when it came to supporting their thesis. Zittleman achieved her goal as a writer when it came to appeasing for a wide range of audiences. Popenoe, however, focuses so much on proving his theory with facts that he fails to remember he has a wide variety of readers. Although I personally disagree with Popenoes theory, he still did a great job in supporting his work factually.

Persuasive- Pro Gay Marriage Essay

The legalization of same-sex married couple benefits two LGBT people and America as a nation. As states progressively begin to legalize same-sex marriage ceremony, its a convenient time to refocus attention on the many another(prenominal) advantages associated with the search and achievement of marriage comparability. If same-sex marriages argon legalized in Texas, not only go away it benefit the state but also it will promote equality and non-discrimination in society, provide economic and business opportunities, and strengthen Americas national identity and international reputation.Millions of LGBT people contribute daily to American life in a multitude of ways culturally, socially, financially, politically, vocationally, and spiritually. They are merry to this nations continued growth and evolution and the U.S.A. would suffer greatly from the extraction of their many contributions. The legalization of same-sex marriage encourages the homosexual right that everyone deserve s. This forward motion of equality and non-discrimination is extremely important in reducing homophobia and encouraging a minority group in society that has suffered colossal amounts of disgust that zip deserves. More than 1 in 5 LGBTQ students are physically rile or assaulted because of their sexual orientation. Children and young adults are being bullied because of whom they like many of them cannot deal with this harassment and end up committing suicide. A large set out of this nations future will be dead if this applesauce doesnt quit. What more of a reason do people deal to know to see that homophobia is wicked and same-sex marriage should be permitted?It has been proven that same-sex marriage has provided a major economical boost to those states and countries that have embraced marriage equality. The marriage and wedding industry is a significant one. Nearly $260 million was injected into the freshly York City economy in the year following the legalization of same-sex m arriage. Its obvious that money-obsessed geezers that are always looking for a way to retrieve more money out of citizens run the government. Theyd be short blind and useless not to acknowledge that authorizing same-sex marriages could be a win-win for both them and gay couples. America has historically presented itself as a global draw in matters of freedom and democracy. Its unfortunate and ironic, however, thatback on main office soil one particular group of people is consistently denied extensive access to the American dream. The fact that the federal government doesnt espy same-sex marriage in a majority of the states has damaged Americas international reputation in relation to LGBT rights. If people would stop lancinating and start embracing this way of life it would play a linchpin role in enhancing Americas international reputation in matters of social justice and in restoring this nations integrity as a global leader in the competence of civil and human rights. Also , Liberty and justice for all would finally be believable when same-sex couples are granted equal access to laws across the country.Its time for things to variety show and begin to celebrate diversity and difference in our society, rather than go along to fear or attack it.

Laurence Olivier Essay

The original classification of Shakespe bes philanders Comedies, Tragedies, Histories and Ro adult male dep stops tiret adequately describe all of Shakespeargons adjoins, and scholars absorb drive up with more(prenominal) names to do so. The around widely utilise categories argon Romance scats, Problem Plays, and Shakespe argons Tragi funniness Plays. The bets in those categories discombobu latterly much in parkland, besides there ar enough differences to celebrate some of them to fall into all ternion. The passs Tale, for example is a play that does occupy the features of all terce, however.A sadomedy is a play that is neither a discerndy nor a disaster, although it has the features of d vicious. Tragedies atomic number 18 usually focus almost exclusively on the primeval character, the tragic hero (although Shakespe atomic number 18s tragedies solelyt joint sometimes be a double tragedy, with dickens tragic heroes, like Romeo and Juliet). The audience has insights into his mind and goes deeply in, as he does in Macbeth or critical point. Comic plays, on the different hand, remove that focus and the c erstrns atomic number 18 diversified so that the action is made up of the stories of some(prenominal) characters, particularly pairs of bedrs.The shadows in human emotions are usually minor in the comedies they are such(prenominal) things as misunderstandings, playful deceptions and so on. Plays that fall betwixt the twain stools of tragedy and comedy are sometimes referred to as Problem Plays. so the whole area of classification is a truly difficult one. It shouldnt be necessary to classify them notwithstanding scholars need a dustup in which to talk close toly the plays. The Merchant of Venice whoremonger be seen as a tragicomedy.It has a ludicrous structure save one of the central characters, loan shark, looks really much like a tragic character. The play has a comedy eradicateing with the lovers pairing off b ut we are unexpended with taste in the m revealh of the ordeal of Shylock, destroyed by a combination of his experience faults and the persecution of the lovers who enjoy that happy completion. The view at the end of the play is neither joy nor misery. The play has a decidedly comic structure but there is to a fault a powerful tragic accounting. It can therefore be called a tragicomedy.Shakespeare tragicomedies usually remove unconvincing and complex plots characters of high social class contrasts amongst villainy and fairness love of different charitables at their centre a hero who is rescue at the last minute afterwardsward a touch-and- go bed surprises and treachery. The Winters Tale and Cymbeline are ii plays that fit that sad descriptor. Shakespeares plays largely accepted as tragicomedy plays are * Cymbeline * The Winters Tale Shakespeares Tragedy plays One of the main features of metempsychosis art is that it was inspired by classical art and philosophy.Thi s is evident in the work of such artists as Michelangelo who, caught up in the spirit of secular humanism that was sweeping across Europe, focused on the human bound. Focusing on the human form during Mediaeval times would have been im possible as it would have been a distraction from the necessary focus on God. The snapper of Humanistic art was that human beings were created in Gods chain so it was possible for Michelangelo even to portray God as a beautiful and physically powerful man with rea heedic human features, per saucilysateed as perfection in fact, the human form at its most beautiful.Artists became anatomists, per passwordnel casualty as far as buying human bodies for dissection. The bequeath was a new realism in the representation of human beings in art. Shakespeare is, in a office, the Michelangelo of literature. That he could, in one play, Othello, written four snow years ago, represent what we can recognise as a innovative psychopath and a modern alcoholi c, in Iago and Cassio respectively, is incredible. Iago is a intact(a)y acquire physochological character just as the David is a fully realized man physically. Greek drama was an important model for spiritual rebirth drama after the flat, unrealistic morality plays of the mediaval centuries.The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, defined tragedy and asserted that it was the noblest and most serious, dignified and important form of drama. M any(prenominal) of the plays of the Renaissance resembled those Greek tragedies. In several of Shakespeares plays there is a central protagonist who undergoes a harrowing vex as he is brought down from his lofty height, ending up dead. in that respect is also a special feeling created in an observer of those Shakespearedramas, similar to the feeling described by Aristotle as the do of tragedy on an observer.Critics thus thought of those Shakespeare plays as tragedies and that notion has remained with us tothis day, although many of those interes ted inShakespeare are now thinking differently most the plays. There are still teachers, though, who teach the tragedies as though they were wayfaring tragedies and miss a great deal of what those plays are doing. In his Poetics Aristotle outlines tragedy as follows The protagonist is someone of high estate a prince or a king. He is like us perhaps a pip different in his level of nobility so that we can some(prenominal) identify with him and admire him as a man as wholesome as respect him for his high estate.The protagonist has a tragic disfigurement in his character which makes him contribute to his own destruction. This can take the form of an obsession. The brand is a high-priced deal part of his greatness but it also causes his downfall. The flaw causes the protagonist to make mistakes and misjudgments. That in turn begins to alienate him from his supporters so that he becomes isolated. He begins to fall from his high level. He pares to regain his position but fails a nd he comes crashing down. He eventually recognises his mistakes, but too late. An important opinion is the suffering he undergoes, which the audience observes and identifies with.We experience pity and flagellum as we watch what seems to us an avoidable suffering. At thuslyd the air is cleared by the restoration of the order that existed before the events of the story and we experience what Aristotle calls catharsis a feeling of relief and closure. Using the term tragedy well-nigh Shakespeares plays invites attempts to fit them to the Aristotelian pattern but none of them fits. Othello seems to conform to the pattern but when one thinks to the highest degree it, Othello, superficially resembling a tragic hero, doesnt even seem to be the main character in the play.It can be seen as a modern psychological drama about a psychopath who manipulates everyone around him just for fun just because he has nothing better to do and destroying other human beings break ins him pleasure o r is necessary because they get in his way. Othello may seem to have a fatal flaw too trusting, gullible but so do all the other characters, because Iago has deceived them all with his psychopathic charm and a reach effort of making himself appear trustworthy. Every misjudgment Othello makes is the hard work of Iago. intimately manipulated? Jealous? Does he have all those tragic flaws as healthful?The feeling at the end is not quite Aristotle either. Perhaps it is more of a disgust for Iago than pity for Othello, who comes across as more false than tragic. And to make things more complicated, our feeling of pity is directed more to Desdamona. And even some teachers miss the regard asing of this play by their insistence on teaching it as an Aristotelian tragedy. Antony and Cleopatra is sometimes called a double tragedy. While Othello appears to fit the Aristotelian pattern because of the huge charisma of Othello at the beginning of the play Antony and Cleopatra cannot fit it in any shape or form.In tragedy the focus is on the mind and inner struggle of the protagonist. The emotional information comes to the audience from that source. In comedy the information comes from a variety of sources and the comic effect is produced by a display of many different points of view, coming at the audience from different angles. That is exactly what happens in Antony and Cleopatra , so we have something very different from a Greek tragedy. What we have is a miracle a tragic feeling coming out of a comic structure. So what is Shakespearean tragedy? Perhaps there is no such thing.And yet we can identify a tragic feeling and even a cathartic effect in some of the plays. We mustinessiness be very careful not to insist on satisfactory them to any pattern because that wouldnt help us understand the plays. We must look elsewhere for our understanding of them. Moreover, all of Shakespeares plays have elements of both tragedy and comedy, sometimes very finely balanced, cre ating effects that Aristotle could never have dreamt of. List of Shakespeares Tragedy Plays * Antony and Cleopatra * world-beater Lear * Macbeth * Othello * Romeo & Juliet * Titus Andronicus.Shakespeares Comedy Plays archean Greek comedy was in sharp contrast to the dignity and serious-mindedness of tragedy. Aristophanes, the towering giant of comedy, used every kind of humour from the humorous through sexual jokes to satire and literary parody. Unlike tragedy, the plots didnt ascend in traditional myth and legend, but were the product of the writers creative imagination. The main write up was political and social satire. Over the centuries comedy moved away from those themes to focus on family matters, notably a constriction on relationships and the complications of love.Such a universal theme was bound to subsist and, indeed, it has travelled well, from Greece through Roman civilization and, with the Renaissance preoccupation with things classical, into Renaissance Europe, to England and the Elizabethans, and into the modern world of the twentieth and twenty first centuries, where we see Greek comedy a inhabit and well in films and television. Shakespeares comedies (or rather the plays of Shakespeare that are usually categorised as comedies), just as in the plate with he tragedies, do not fit into any slot.They are generally identifiable as the comedies of Shakespeare in that they are full of fun, irony and dazzle wordplay. They also abound in disguises and mistaken identities with very convoluted plots that are difficult to follow (try relating the plot of A Midsummer Nights Dream to someone ), with very contrived endings. Any attempt at describing these plays as a group cant go beyond that superficial outline. The extremely contrived endings are the clue to what these plays, all very different, are about. Take The Merchant of Venice for example it has the love and relationship element.As usual there are two couples. One of the women is disguised as a man through most of the text typical of Shakespearian comedy but the other is in a very virulent situation a young Jewess seduced away from her nonplus by a shallow, rather dull young Christian. The play ends with the lovers all together, as usual, celebrating their love and the way things have turned out well for their group. That resolution has come about by completely destroying a mans feeling. The Jew, Shylock is a man who has made a mistake and been forced to brook dearly for it by losing everything he values, including his religious freedom.It is almost like two plays a comic structure with a per discussional tragedy imbedded in it. The comedy is a frame to heighten the effect of the tragic elements. The Christians are selfish and shallow and cruel beyond imagination and with no scruples whatsoever. This is the use of the comic form to create something very deep and bluish. 12th Night is similar the humiliation of a man the in-group doesnt like. As in The Mer chant of Venice, his suffering is simply shrugged off in the highly contrived comic ending. Not one of these plays, no matter how full of life and love and laughter and joy, it may be, is without a pitch-darkness at its heart.Much Ado About Nothing , like Antony and Cleopatra (a tragedy with a comic structure) is a miracle of creative makeup. Shakespeare seamlessly joins an ancient mythological love story and a modern invented one, weaving them together into a very wary drama in which light and dark chase each other around like clouds and sunshine on a windy day, and the play threatens to fall into an abyss at any moment and emerges from that danger in a highly contrived ending once again. Like the tragedies these plays maintain categorisation.They all draw our attention to a range of human experience with all its sadness, joy, poignancy, tragedy, comedy, darkness, lightness, and its depths. Shakespeares Comedy Plays * Alls tumesce That Ends Well * The Comedy of Errors * As you Like It * Cymbeline * Loves Labours Lost * note for Measure * The Merry Wives of Windsor * The Merchant of Venice * Twelfth Night * Two Gentlemen of Verona Shakespeares History Plays Just as Shakespeares comedies have some dark themes and tragic situations magical spell the tragedies have some high comic moments, the Shakespeares accounting plays contain comedy, tragedy and everything in between.All Shakespeares plays are dramas written for the entertainment of the public and Shakeseares intention in create verbally them was just that to entertain. It wasnt Shakespeare, but Shakespearian scholars, who categorised his plays into those areas of tragedy, comedy and narration as well as problem and Roman. Unfortunately, our appreciation of the plays is often affected by our tendency to look at them in that restrain way. Most of the plays have an diachronic element the Roman plays, for example, are diachronic but scholars dont refer to those Roman plays (Julius Caesar, Anton y and Cleopatra, Coriolanus etc.) ashistory plays.The plays that we normally mean when we refer to the history plays are the ten plays that cover English history from the twelfth to the sixteenthcenturies, and the 1399-1485 period in particular. Each play is named after, and focuses on, the reigning milkweed butterfly of the period. In chronological order of setting, these are tycoon John, Richard II, enthalpy IV Parts Iand II, atomic number 1 V, Henry VI Parts I, II and one-third, Richard III and Henry VIII, although Shakespeare didnt write them in that order. The plays dramatise five generations of gallant power struggles.For the most part they depict the Hundred Years fight with France, from Henry V to Joan of Arc, and the Wars of the Roses, between York and Lancaster. We should never forget that they are workings of imagination, based very loosely on historical figures. Shakespeare was a abrupt reader of history and was always looking for the dramatic impact of historica l characters and events as he read. Today we tend to think of those historical figures in the way Shakespeare presented them. For example, we think of Richard III as an evil man, a kind of psychopath with a deformed body and a grudge against humanity.Historians can do whatever they like to set the record straight but Shakespeares Richard seems stuck in our culture as the real Richard III. Henry V, nee Prince Hal, is, in our minds, the perfect model of kingship after an education gained by self-indulgence in a misspent youth, and a perfect human being, but that is precisely because thats the way Shakespeare chose to present him in the furtherance of the themes he treasured to develop and the dramatic story he wanted to tell. In fact, the favorite perception of mediaval history as seen through the rulers of the period is pure Shakespeare. We have given ourselves entirely to Shakespeares vision.What would Bolingbroke (Henry IV) mean to us today? We would crawl in nothing of him bu t because of Shakespeares plays he is an important, unforgettable and significant historical figure. The history plays are enormously saluteing. Not only do they give insight into the political processes of Mediaval and Renaissance politics but they also flip a glimpse of life from the top to the very bottom of guild the royal administration, the nobility, tavern life, brothels, mendicants, everything. The greatest English actual and fictional hero, Henry V and the most notorious fictional bounder, Falstaff, are seen in several scenes together.Not only that, but those scenes are among the most entertaining, profound and memorable in the whole of English literature. Thats some achievement. Finally, although adding this at the end of the article and leaving it in the air, several psyches are begged what we see in the plays is not mediaval society at all, but Elizabethan and Jacobean society. Because although Shakespeare was writing history, using historical figures and events, what he was really doing was writing about the politics, entertainments and social situations of his own time.A major feature of Shakespeares appeal to his own generation was recognition, somethingShakespeare exploited relentlessly. List of Shakespeares History Plays, Henry IV Part 2,Henry V,Henry VI Part 1,Henry VI Part 2,Henry VI Part 3,Henry VIII,King John,Richard II,Richard III. 2) Tragedy settlement, King Lear, Macbeth, Othello. King Lear Play Overview & Resources The King Lear play is set in the BCE period, somewhere in England, usually thought of as being what is Leicestershire today. The action in the first two acts shifts among the fastnesss of Lear, Gloucester, and those of Lears two young ladys, Goneril and Regan.The rest of the action takes tail end in the frozen countryside, mainly on a blasted heath with violent weather, symbolising the state of Lears mind. Date written 1603-1606 Genre classification King Lear is regarded as a Tragedy Main characters in King Lear King Lear is the king of pre-Christian Britain. He has three daughters Goneril, Regan andCordelia. The Earl of Gloucester is a senior duke in Lears kingdom. He has two sons, Edmund, an illegitimate son and Edgar, a legitimate son. The Earl of Kent is a fiercely leal nobleman, sticking by Lear in enmity of Lears atrocious give-and-take of him.The Fool is the court jester, developed well beyond the jesters that appear in Shakespeares and other writers earlier plays. King Lear themes This is a play about family a thorough exploration of family relationships, particularly filial ingratitude, where the cruelty and cut off for their male parent by Goneril and Regan are contrasted with those of the love and loyalty of Cordelia in spite of the ruthless treatment she has experienced at her fathers hands. There is also a deep exploration oflegitimate versus illegitimate offspring.Good versus evil is presented through the evil of the two onetime(a)er sisters against the saintliness o f the youngest. Other themes are those of old age and authority. and attitudes to those pain, justice, and the ever present theme in Shakespeares plays demeanor and reality. King Lear Plot Summary The Earl of Gloucester introduces his illegitimate son, Edmund, to the Earl of Kent at court. Lear, King of Britain, enters. straight that he is old Lear has decided to abdicate, retire, and divide his kingdom between his three daughters.Each will receive a allot of the kingdom correspond to how much they love him. Goneril, Duchess ofAlbany, the oldest, and Regan, Duchess of Cornwall, the second, both speak eloquently and receive their portion but Cordelia, the youngest, can say nothing. Her declaration that she loves him according to a daughters duty to a father enrages him and she is disowned. One of Cordelias suitors, the Duke of Burgundy, rejects her once she is dowerless but the King of France understands her declaration and takes her as his wife, while the Earl of Kent is banishe d for pickings Cordelias part against the King.The kingdom is shared between Goneril and Regan. Lear tells them that he intends to live alternately with each of them. meantime, Edmund is determined to be recognised as a rightful son of Gloucester and persuades his father that his legitimate brother, Edgar, is plotting against Gloucesters life, using a deceitful device. Edmund warns Edgar that his life is in danger. Edgar flees and disguises himself as a beggar. Goneril becomes increasingly cheesed off by the behaviour of Lears hundred followers, who are disturbing life at Albanys castle.Kent has returned in disguise and gains a shopping mall as a servant to Lear, supporting the King against Gonerils would-be(prenominal) servant, Oswald. Lear eventually curses Goneril and leaves to move in with Regan. Edmund acts as a messenger between the sisters and is courted by each in turn. He persuades Cornwall that Gloucester is an enemy because, through loyalty to his King, Gloucester ass ists Lear and his devoted companion, the Fool, when they are turned away by Regan and told to return to Gonerils household. Despairing of his daughters and regretting his rejection of Cordelia, Lear goes out into the wilderness during a fierce storm.He goes mad. Gloucester takes them into a hut for shelter and seeks the aid of Kent to get them away to the coast, where Cordelia has landed with a French army to fight for her father against her sisters and their husbands. Edgar, pretending to be mad, has also taken refuge in the shelter and the Fool, the mad king and the beggar are companions until Edgar finds his father wandering and in pain. Gloucester has been blinded by Regan and Cornwall for his unfaithful act in helping Lear. Cornwall has been killed by a servant after blinding Gloucester but Regan continues to rule with Edmunds help.Not recognised by his father, Edgar leads him to the coast and helps him, during the journey, to come to an acceptance of his life. Gloucester meet s the mad Lear on Dover beach, near Cordelias camp and, with Kents aid, Lear is rescued and re-united with Cordelia. Gloucester, although reconciled with Edgar, dies alone. The French forces are defeated by Albanys army led by Edmund, and Lear and Cordelia are captured. Goneril has poisoned Regan in jealous rivalry for Edmunds attention but Edgar, disguised now as a loyal knight, challenges Edmund to a duel and wounds him mortally.Seeing no way out, Goneril kills herself. The dying Edmund confesses his crimes, but it is too late to save Cordelia from the hangman. Lears heart breaks as he carries the body of his passion daughter in his arms, and Albany and Edgar are left to re-organise the kingdom. settlement Play Overview & Resources for Shakespeares settlement Shakespeare sets his Hamlet play in the cold, dark isolation of Elsinor a bleak, snow-covered region of Denmark. Its the royal court of the King of Denmark. The atmosphere is established on the cold, windy battlements of the castle.Most of the action takes place in theinterior populates and corridors of the castle and one scene is set in a nearby cemetery. Date written 1601 Genre classification Hamlet is regarded as one of Shakespeares tragedies. Main characters in Hamlet Hamlet, the son of the recently polish off King is the heir to the throne. Hehas had the crown stolen from him by his fathers villainous brother, Claudius whom thelate kings widow, Gertrude Hamlets incur has married. Hamlets fathers apparition tellshim on the battlements that Claudius murdered him.Hamlet is continuously spied on by Polonius, the garrulous Lord Chamberlain of Denmark. His eavesdropping results in his being accidentally killed by Hamlet. Ophelia is Polonius daughter. Led on to a possible relationship by Hamlet, then rejected, she commits suicide by drowning. Her brother, Laertesseeks revenge by plotting with Claudius to kill Hamlet. Other characters are Hamlets friend, Horatio, in whom he confides, Rosencranz and Guidenstern, Hamlets fellow university students, who spy on Hamlet for Claudius, a troupe of strolling actors and a pair of gravediggers.See a full list of characters in Hamlet. Hamlet Themes The play falls into the genre of the visit Tragedy, which was very popular in the Jacobean era with its taste for violence and intrigue. Revenge is the most obvious, and one of the main, themes of the play. Although explorations of the idea of appearance and reality are present in all Shakespeares plays, its more fully developed in Hamlet, with all its plotting, intrigues, deceit and hypocrisy. Other themes are the question of what a human being is death and mortality and suicide.In common with several other Shakespeare plays, there is a clear Christian parallel. Hamlet Plot Summary Prince Hamlets student friend, Horatio, goes to the battlements of Denmarks Elsinore castle late at night to meet the guards. They tell him about a ghost they have seen that resembles the late king, Hamlet. It reappears and they decide to tell the prince. Hamlets uncle, Claudius, having become king, has now married Hamlets widowed mother, Gertrude. In the court, after envoys are sent to Norway, the prince is dissuaded from returning to university.Hamlet still mourns his fathers death and hearing of the ghost from Horatio he determines to see it for himself. Laertes, son of the courtier, Polonius, departs for France, warning his sister, Ophelia, against thinking too much of Hamlets attentions. The ghost appears to Hamlet and tells him that he was murdered by Claudius. The prince swears vengeance and his friends are sworn to secrecy as Hamlet decides to feign madness while he tests the truth of the ghosts allegations. He rejects Ophelia, as Claudius and Polonius spy on him seeking to find a reason for his sudden strange behaviour.Guildenstern and Rosencrantz, author student friends of Hamlet, are summoned by Claudius and their arrival coincides with that of a group of change of location a ctors. The prince knows these players well and they rehearse together before arranging to present Hamlets choice of play before the king and queen, which will embroil scenes close to the circumstances of the old kings death.At the accomplishment Hamlet watches closely as Claudius is provoked into interrupting the play and storming out, resolving to publicize the prince away to England. Hamlet is summoned by his distressed mother and, onthe way he spares Claudius whom he sees kneeling, attempting to pray.To kill him while he is praying would send his individual to heaven rather than to the hell he deserves. Polonius hides in Gertrudes room to listen to the conversation, but Hamlet detects movement as he upbraids his mother. He stabs the concealing tapestry and so kills the old man. The ghost reappears, warning his son not to delay revenge, nor to upset his mother. As the army of Norways King Fortinbras crosses Denmark to attack Poland, Hamlet is sent to England, ostensibly as an ambassador, but he discovers Claudiuss plan to have him killed.Outwitting this plot Hamlet returns alone, sending Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to their deaths in his stead. During Hamlets absence Ophelia goes mad as a result of her fathers death and she is drowned. Hamlet returns and meets Horatio in the graveyard. With the arrival of Ophelias funeral Hamlet confronts Laertes who, after attempting a revolt against Claudius, has taken his fathers place at the court. A duel is arranged between Hamlet and Laertes at which Claudius has plotted for Hamlet to die either on a poisoned rapier, or from poisoned wine.The plans go wrong and both Laertes and Hamlet are wounded, while Gertrude unwittingly drinks from the poisoned cup. Hamlet, in his death throes, kills Claudius, and Horatio is left to explain the truth to the new king, Fortinbras, who returns, victorious, from the Polish wars. Macbeth Play Overview & Resources The main source for Shakespeares Macbeth play was Holinsheds Chronicl es. Holinshed in turn took the account from a Scottish history, Scotorum Historiae, written in 1527 by Hector Boece. Shakespeare, flattering James 1, referred to the kings own books, Discovery of Witchcraft and Daemonologie, written in 1599.Some of the main ideas of Macbeth are Nature, Manhood and Light versus Dark. In Macbeth, the murder of a king by one of his subjects is seen as unnatural and the images ofthe play reflect this theme, with disruptions of nature, like storms and events such as where the horses turn on their grooms and bite them. In Macbeth Shakespeareexplores what it is to be a man. bird Macbeth accuses Macbeth of being unmanly because of his hesitation in killing Duncan, but Macbeth says that its unmanly for a man to kill his king. Shakespeare plays with that paradox.Duncan is a good king and a good man, and he is surrounded by images of light. Macbethand doll Macbeth turn their surroundings into a picture of hell, blanketed in darkness. Those images of light a nd dark interact throughout the play. Traditionally, there is a curse on Macbeth. Actors and productioncrews continue the superstition by avoiding using the plays title, Macbeth, which is considered bad luck. It has to be referred to as The Scottish Play. Date written 1605 Read the full Macbeth text Genre classification Macbeth is regarded as a tragedy.Macbeth Characters The hero, Macbeth, the Thane of Glamys and later Thane of Cawdor, murders the king, Duncan, and is select as king in his place. Lady Macbeth, his wife, is his co-conspirator in the murder. Duncans sons, Malcolm and Donalblain, themselves in danger, flee. Banquo, Macbeths friend, is also murdered by Macbeth. Macduff, the Thane of Fife, suspects Macbeth and his whole family is massacred. Macduff is the man who in conclusion kills Macbeth. There are three witches, who plant the idea of murdering Duncan in Macbeths mind, and they lead him on to his destruction.Their queen is Hecate. Other characters are the Scottlish noblemen, Lennox and Ross, and the English general, Siward and his son, youthfulness Siward. See a full list of Macbeth characters. Themes in Macbeth The main themes in Macbeth are ambition and guiltiness. Macbeths overweening ambition leads him to kill Duncan and from then on until the end of the play he suffers unendurable guilt. Another theme is that of appearance and reality. Of all Shakespeares characters, Macbeth has the most difficulty in distinguishing between what is real and what is not.Macbeth Plot Summary King Duncans generals, Macbeth and Banquo, encounter three strange women on a bleak Scottish moorland on their way home from quelling a rebellion. The women prophesy that Macbeth will be given the title of Thane of Cawdor and then become King of Scotland, while Banquos heirs shall be kings. The generals want to hear more but the weird sisters disappear. Duncan creates Macbeth Thane of Cawdor in thanks for his success in the recent battles and then proposes to make a brief visit to Macbeths castle.Lady Macbeth receives news from her husband of the omen and his new title and she vows to help him become king by any means she can. Macbeths return is followed almost at once by Duncans arrival. The Macbeths plot together and later that night, while all are sleeping and after his wife has given the guards drugged wine, Macbeth kills the King and his guards. Lady Macbeth leaves the bloody daggers beside the dead king. Macduff arrives and when the murder is discovered Duncans sons, Malcolm and Donalbain flee, fearing for their lives, but they are nevertheless blamed for the murder.Macbeth is elected King of Scotland, but is plagued by feelings of guilt and insecurity. He arranges for Banquo and his son, Fleance to be killed, but the boy escapes the murderers. At a celebratory banquet Macbeth sees the ghost of Banquo and disconcerts the courtiers with his strange manner. Lady Macbeth tries to calm him but is rejected. Macbeth seeks out the witches and l earns from them that he will be safe until Birnam Wood comes to his castle, Dunsinane. They tell him that he need fear no-one born of woman, but also that the Scottish time will come from Banquos son.Macbeth embarks on a reign of terror and many, including Macduffs family are murdered, while Macduff himself has gone to join Malcolm at the court of the English king, Edward. Malcolm and Macduff decide to lead an army against Macbeth. Macbeth feels safe in his aloof castle at Dunsinane until he is told that Birnam Wood is moving towards him. The situation is that Malcolms army is carrying branches from the forest as camouflage for their assault on the castle. Meanwhile Lady Macbeth, paralysed with guilt, walks in her sleep and gives away her secrets to a listening doctor.She kills herself as the final battle commences. Macduff challenges Macbeth who, on learning his adversary is the child of a Ceasarian birth, realises he is doomed. Macduff triumphs and brings the head of the traitor to Malcolm who declares peace and is crowned king. Othello Play Overview & Resources The Othello play begins in Venice where there is a wealthy, well ordered, well behaved community, controlled by backbreaking laws and established conventions.