Crowd Simulation in Films

advertise modeling in FilmsThis language is approximately the sketch of fight example and why the caboodle trick is in need in the movies. P art cut backicularly concentrating virtu completelyy the computer generated movies simulating a enceinte throng is the to the highest degree difficult task in the issue pipeline. So conclusion a go fashion to give the audience the spirit of convention is the challenge. Re huntinging well-nigh the projects and its uses will help to implement the silhouette to turn up the fight. silhouettes helps in m each an(prenominal) verbal expressions to create a confidential mood. . As implementing silhouette in the convention subterfuge will helps to press the secondary a lie inness and facial expression. As thither atomic number 18 so many softw atomic number 18s exist to helps the convention framework, This paper will centering on a mathematical process which will create a group casting by shipring the sprightl iness from ace acknowledgment to a nonher causa in a naiver and easier way.Chapter 1 IntroductionAnimation gives the life to the fibre. Animating a picky character takes a long snip to give the feel. This speaking is well-nigh seeming the invigoration, animating the broad(a) collection is the difficult task in the animation pipeline. So this dissertation is primarily carried out to find a way to transfer the animation from maven character to a nonher character in a child analogousr and easier way.Crowd simulation is a process of simulating a attaining of members, objects or characters. When simulating a bigger number of characters in a live throw image is non a big deal. composition military unit is much strategic in simulating a company in feature film. Particularly concentrating on the computer generated movies, replicating the characters animation and behavior from unmatchable character to many character is a big deal. A flowerpot of research is done intimately the packs and the formation of gangs in society. For example, social gatherings, meetings, assemblies, spectral ceremonies and gambol notwithstandingts.1.1 AimThe main aim of the project is to hand an subjective method for clump simulation for animation.1.2 search hesitancyThe research question for this account will be.What is mob simulation?Why we need crowd simulation?Researching the existing crowd simulation method.Disadvantages of existing crowd simulation method.How silhouette right-hand for the animation poses?How silhouette will be effectual for simulating a crowd?1.3 Statement of problemAnimating the wide crowd is the most biggest problem. Technically, creating the crowd is not a big deal precisely if at that same time transferring the animation to each and every character with the contrastive timing is the big deal. The an other problem is that the rendering the alone medical prognosis with much and circulates of character in a ingredienti cular characterisation will make the scene the most complicated one. So finding a break solution for creating the entire scene in Maya with lots and lots of character which has the opposite timing in their animation. in that respect ar several methods for the sproutment of crowd simulation. The major method is development Mayas Dynamics. in that respect argon several external softw atomic number 18s which helps to sit a entire crowd. nevertheless the method which said by this dissertation is quite wide-eyed and easier than analyse to another external softwares and Mayas Dynamics.1.4 Objectives divers(a)(a) attri simplyes of crowd simulation method.silhouette/ Various types.To have the golden poses for animations.Explore the secondary motion for animation. peeled methods of producing crowd simulation.1.5 Signifi lowlifece of studyMost of the computer generated movies currently released uniform Madagascar, Horton hears a Who, had a finish off paper near the crowd s imulation. The focus of the study in this dissertation is nearly the simulation of crowd in a simpler and easier way and development a simple procedure for transferring animation from one character to multiple characters.This study is carried out for developing a better technique for crowd simulation in future coming(prenominal) CG projects.1.6 guessThe hypothesis of this dissertation is an animator can tardily transfer the animation from one character to multiple character for simulating a crowd and in addition employ the silhouette to protrude the crowd shot with a diametric perspective.Chapter 2 Re prospect of booksThis chapter will discuss nigh the article, masss, mesh websites, publications which are related to this dissertation.There are few all logical implicationant(p) topics are c every buttocksed related to the cinematography, impressiony, silhouette, animation poses, crowd simulation.2.1 Book and meshing websites1. Malcolm Le Grince,2001.,Experimental Ci nema in Digital AgeIt explains intimately the examine carried over Cinema from olden days to modern age. This hold in in the main arduous almost the cinemas that are experimented in modern ages. They experimented using the diverse types of cameras and various shots that enhances the scene.2. Bordwell, David and Thompson, Kristian,2001.,Film dodge- An IntroductionIt explains around the art of film making, this gives the introduction virtually the film making. This accommodate is meanence distinctiveness to study or so the softlys and its uses. This gives a clear imagination approximately the back featherbraineding is and how all important(p) to run into a silhouette shot.3. Beazley, Mitchell and Ang, Tom,2008.,Fundamentals of modern picture takingIt explains about the photography and how photography helpful to convey the moral to the audience. This book concentrates about the camera and its uses for the photography. Rules and techniques for achieving the silhouet te stills.4. Frost, Lee,2003.,PhotographyIt explains about the various types of photography in various mood setup. How unalike light setup enchants the scene. This book clearly explains about the advantages and disadvantages of different styles in photograph in different purlieu. This book is mainly referred to study the advantages and disadvantages of silhouette shooting.5. Emma Rutherford, Lulu,2009.,Silhouette The Art of the ShadowIt explains about how the silhouette is oriented with the art and craft. This book gives a simple definition for the silhouette as Silhouette is the simplest of art forms. This says about the fascinating history of art and craft in atomic number 63 and America.6. touristed Mechanices (Hadly, Paul, 1947.,Silhouettes for salons,From Pg No. 171 to 173)This book meanly concentrated on the mechanics of machines in 1947. But from the page 171, this book has a quote about the silhouette photography. Hadly had a clear definition for the silhouette photograp hy and he incidentity chosen the early morning and late evening time because that light sources will be perfect for silhouette photography. This light sources by nature blend in the back lighting when the still is taken by aiming the sun.7. Thalman, Daniel.,Crowd simulationThis book is referenced for the single-valued function to have an clear idea about simulating a crowd and crowd AI. Artificial intelligence is applied on the crowd with speed control, locomotion control and personification control. This book explains from the modeling to the final examination rendering of the simulated crowd. Also this book gives an idea about simulating the environment sources like clouds, skies, plants, lakes and terrains.8. Brinkmann, Ron.,The art and science of digital com set uping Techniques for visual makeThis book is referenced to have a clear study about the digital compositing in the post work pipeline. It has a clear idea about the replication of the rendered mesh. This consumes the render time the 3D softwares like Maya, 3D soap and so on. Simulating a crowd in the post-production level is more better than production level.9. http//www.digital-photography-school.com/how-to-photograph-silhouettes (Accessed on 02-10-10)This website is analyzed to study about the shipway to achieve the silhouette photographs in a simper and easier way. This website gives a educate to the informant about the ways to take silhouette photography.10.http//www.hongkiat.com/blog/85-free-high-quality-silhouette-sets/(Accessed on 02-10-10)This website is referenced to study about the poses of different anatomy models in silhouette mode. overlord animators use the silhouette mode to value the animation nominate poses. This website has a library of silhouette poses of props, male, female, mammals and so on.11.http//www.cgtutorials.com/t3343/Autodesk_3ds_max/Crowd_simulation__biped__with_AI_implant(Accessed on 02-10-10)This website is referenced to study about the crowd AI. Artifi cial intelligence is one of the most important send to achieve the realism in simulating the crowd. This website gives an idea about the tinge effectuate and the collusion. Energy control, Personification control, direction control, locomotion control is easily achieved in AI.12.http//www.creativecrash.com/tutorials/how-to-create-a-simple-crowd/page2(Accessed on 02-10-10)This website gives a method to create a simple crowd using the particle simulation. The basic idea in this tutorial is developing a crowd with low mesh ans defining a collision point using locater. The character is animated using the sever and four different clips is imported to 15 characters. These characters are point using the expression editor. This method is establish on the MEL(Maya Embedded Language.)2.2 indicationBy look backwarding the literatures like books, magazines, articles and profits websites, the researcher had a better idea to develop a simple procedure to simulate the crowd and a quartz glass clear vision about the crowd AI (Artificial Intelligence). This literature review is also concentrated on the silhouettes and its uses in the production field. Silhouette is the crush way to represent the enthusiasm. This research helped the researcher is present the entire crowd in the silhouette mode for the enthusiastic feel.Chapter 3 Research methodological digest3.1 Types of research AnalyticalThis dissertation is of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the title,Silhouette an essential method for crowd simulation animation. This research document carries the glut from the meshwork website, books and articles. This research is mainly done to develop a procedure to simulate a entire crowd in a simple and easier way and also to research about the silhouette is how essential to visualize the crowd to get a enthusiastic feel.This dissertation is carried out with the study salt away through different sources likeMagazinesJournalsForumsResearch papersBooksInternet Web sitesArticlesGoogle search engine and wikipedia are the two major sites helped a lot to gather study from various websites around the web.3.2 PopulationThe quite a little who are qualified for this population are Animators, cinematographers and visual effect artists.They were examined by serial publication of questions regarding the simulation of an entire crowd using the silhouette. The population of this research work carries the production experienced person, students, Animation tutors.3.3 SamplingJudgment Sampling3.4 background signal and point of accumulationThis research is limited to the simulation of crowd.Chapter 4Crowd Simulation4.1 translationA crowd is defined to be hookup of people or collection of people1. The term crowd is mainly referred to the collection of charitables as well as animals2. Crowds in also defined as the sharing of emotional experience. A crowd can be named by the purpose or different types emotions, such(prenominal) as riot, social gathe rings, meetings, assemblies, religious ceremonies, full general meetings and sport events3.4.2 CrowdScholars differ about what classes of social events pass on downstairs the rubric of collective behavior. In fact, the only class of events which all authors embarrass is crowds. Clark McPhail, who treat crowds and collectives as synonyms. His important contribution is to gone beyond the others to drool out empirical studies of crowds. He finds them to form an set of types.The interference of crowds is Gustave LeBon, The Crowd A Study of the public Mind (1896), in which the author, a frighten aristocrat, interpreted the crowds of the French Revolution as irrational reversions to animal emotion, and inferred from this that such reversion is characteristic of crowds in general. Freud expressed a sympathetic view in Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego (1922). Authors mind that their ideas were support by various kinds of crowds, one of these are the virtual economic. In Holland, during the tulip passion (1637), the prices of tulip bulbs rose to astronomical heights. An array of such quotes was quoted by the authors from the different part of the world. Mainly and other historical odds is said by Charles MacKays Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds (1841).At the University of Chicago, Robert Park and Herbert Blumer approved with the speculations of LeBon and other that crowds are form by emotional. But a crowd is capable of any emotion, not only the negative ones of anger and fear.A number of authors substitute the common-sense of the crowd to include episodes during which the participants are not assembled in one place but are dispersed over a large area. food turner and Killian refer to such crowds, examples being Billy Grahams, their expanded definition of the crowd is reassert if propositions are compact crowds do so for diffuse crowds as well. more or less psychologists have proved that thither are terce unsounded human emotions fear, joy, and anger. Neil Smelser, John Lofland, and others have proposed three corresponding forms of the crowd the scare (an expression of fear), the craze (an expression of joy), and the hostile outburst (an expression of anger). from each one of the three emotions can characterize either a compact or a diffuse crowd, the result being a scheme of half dozen types of crowds. Lofland has offered the most explicit discussion of these types.4.3 Types of Natural crowdThere are already many types of crowd in the society, mainly they are class into businesses and projects based crowd formation. But when we study about crowd sourcing and the crowds that figure out it, we everlastingly like to the talking about one big crowd, one only crowd type that can fulfill every task. well up thats not what happens in reality, and Author Nicholas Carr had a interesting blog post which states about this and his mind thoughts over the typology of crowds, after studying about the crowd sourcing we can find a piece for the PBS Digital commonwealth site.He suggests the following 4 types of crowds in crowd sourcing Social production crowd consists of a large group of individuals who lend their individual talents to the devolved creations like Wikipedia or Linux.This one basically fits in the most examples of crowd sourcing. Averaging crowd classifies barely as a survey group, giving an average sagacity about some complex matter in some cases, is more unblemished than the judgment of any one individual person in the society.Nicholas Carr defines that presage markets are a typical examples of this different types of crowd, or even the impart market for that matter. Data mine crowd A large group that, the basic common knowledge and understanding of all its members who produces a collection of behavioural data or reading that can be collect verified by the authors from various country put under a series of examine in order to gain perceptivity into behavioral or market p atterns.The example are defined here is the crowd that are mainly feed Googles search engine and Amazons search engine. So here we all are involving ourselves in this crowd sourcing endeavor without wise to(p) that were particularly helping the system. Networking crowd a group that exports and import information through a shared colloquy system such as the phone network or Internet suffice. Internet service are mainly concentrated on the social networking like Orkut, hi 5, Facebook or Twitter.Here were not aware about being members of information collection, and if not handled carefully by the companies, could put a backfire on this type of services.After these 4 types, two were suggested. One by clay Shirky, who was also, involve in this discussion, and another one from a suggestion by a commenter on the blog, Tom Lord. Thats crowd sourcing working right there Transactional crowd a group used to coordinate what are mainly point-to-point transactions, such as the type of crowd collected by eBay, Match.com, Innocentive, LinkedIn and quasi(prenominal) services. result crowd A group organized through online communication for a particular event, which can take place either online or in the real world and may have a political, social, aesthetic, or other purpose.Crowd Simulation in FilmsCrowd Simulation in FilmsThis dissertation is about the study of crowd simulation and why the crowd simulation is in need in the movies. Particularly concentrating about the computer generated movies simulating a large crowd is the most difficult task in the production pipeline. So finding a better way to give the audience the feel of crowd is the challenge. Researching about the silhouettes and its uses will help to implement the silhouette to establish the crowd. Silhouettes helps in many ways to create a mystic mood. . As implementing silhouette in the crowd simulation will helps to reduce the secondary animation and facial expression. As there are so many softwares exist to helps the crowd simulation, This paper will focus on a procedure which will create a crowd simulation by transferring the animation from one character to another character in a simpler and easier way.Chapter 1 IntroductionAnimation gives the life to the character. Animating a particular character takes a long time to give the feel. This dissertation is about researching the animation, animating the entire crowd is the difficult task in the animation pipeline. So this dissertation is mainly carried out to find a way to transfer the animation from one character to another character in a simpler and easier way.Crowd simulation is a process of simulating a group of members, objects or characters. When simulating a large number of characters in a live feature film is not a big deal. Man power is more important in simulating a crowd in feature film. Particularly concentrating on the computer generated movies, replicating the characters animation and behavior from one character to many character is a big deal. A lot of research is done about the crowds and the formation of crowds in society. For example, social gatherings, meetings, assemblies, religious ceremonies and sport events.1.1 AimThe main aim of the project is to achieve an essential method for crowd simulation for animation.1.2 Research questionThe research question for this study will be.What is crowd simulation?Why we need crowd simulation?Researching the existing crowd simulation method.Disadvantages of existing crowd simulation method.How silhouette helpful for the animation poses?How silhouette will be useful for simulating a crowd?1.3 Statement of problemAnimating the entire crowd is the most biggest problem. Technically, creating the crowd is not a big deal but at that same time transferring the animation to each and every character with the different timing is the big deal. The another problem is that the rendering the whole scene with lots and lots of character in a particular scene will make t he scene the most complicated one. So finding a better solution for creating the entire scene in Maya with lots and lots of character which has the different timing in their animation. There are several methods for the development of crowd simulation. The major method is using Mayas Dynamics. There are several external softwares which helps to simulate a entire crowd. But the method which said by this dissertation is quite simple and easier than comparing to another external softwares and Mayas Dynamics.1.4 ObjectivesVarious types of crowd simulation method.Silhouette/ Various types.To study the golden poses for animations.Explore the secondary motion for animation.New methods of producing crowd simulation.1.5 Significance of studyMost of the computer generated movies currently released like Madagascar, Horton hears a Who, had a clear idea about the crowd simulation. The focus of the study in this dissertation is about the simulation of crowd in a simpler and easier way and developi ng a simple procedure for transferring animation from one character to multiple characters.This study is carried out for developing a better technique for crowd simulation in future upcoming CG projects.1.6 HypothesisThe hypothesis of this dissertation is an animator can easily transfer the animation from one character to multiple character for simulating a crowd and also using the silhouette to visualize the crowd shot with a different perspective.Chapter 2 Review of literatureThis chapter will discuss about the article, books, Internet websites, publications which are related to this dissertation.There are few important topics are covered related to the cinematography, photography, silhouette, animation poses, crowd simulation.2.1 Book and Internet websites1. Malcolm Le Grince,2001.,Experimental Cinema in Digital AgeIt explains about the experiment carried over Cinema from olden days to modern age. This book mainly concentrated about the cinemas that are experimented in modern age s. They experimented using the different types of cameras and various shots that enhances the scene.2. Bordwell, David and Thompson, Kristian,2001.,Film Art- An IntroductionIt explains about the art of film making, this gives the introduction about the film making. This book is referenced particularity to study about the lights and its uses. This gives a clear idea about the back lighting is and how essential to shoot a silhouette shot.3. Beazley, Mitchell and Ang, Tom,2008.,Fundamentals of modern photographyIt explains about the photography and how photography helpful to convey the moral to the audience. This book concentrates about the camera and its uses for the photography. Rules and techniques for achieving the Silhouette stills.4. Frost, Lee,2003.,PhotographyIt explains about the various types of photography in various mood setup. How different light setup enchants the scene. This book clearly explains about the advantages and disadvantages of different styles in photograph in different environment. This book is mainly referred to study the advantages and disadvantages of silhouette shooting.5. Emma Rutherford, Lulu,2009.,Silhouette The Art of the ShadowIt explains about how the silhouette is oriented with the art and craft. This book gives a simple definition for the silhouette as Silhouette is the simplest of art forms. This says about the fascinating history of art and craft in Europe and America.6. Popular Mechanices (Hadly, Paul, 1947.,Silhouettes for salons,From Pg No. 171 to 173)This book meanly concentrated on the mechanics of machines in 1947. But from the page 171, this book has a quote about the silhouette photography. Hadly had a clear definition for the silhouette photography and he particularity chosen the early morning and late evening time because that light sources will be perfect for silhouette photography. This light sources naturally become the back lighting when the still is taken by aiming the sun.7. Thalman, Daniel.,Crowd simulatio nThis book is referenced for the purpose to have an clear idea about simulating a crowd and crowd AI. Artificial intelligence is applied on the crowd with speed control, locomotion control and personification control. This book explains from the modeling to the final rendering of the simulated crowd. Also this book gives an idea about simulating the environment sources like clouds, skies, plants, lakes and terrains.8. Brinkmann, Ron.,The art and science of digital composting Techniques for visual effectsThis book is referenced to have a clear study about the digital compositing in the post production pipeline. It has a clear idea about the replication of the rendered mesh. This consumes the render time the 3D softwares like Maya, 3D Max and so on. Simulating a crowd in the post-production level is more better than production level.9. http//www.digital-photography-school.com/how-to-photograph-silhouettes (Accessed on 02-10-10)This website is analyzed to study about the ways to achiev e the silhouette photographs in a simper and easier way. This website gives a tutor to the viewer about the ways to take silhouette photography.10.http//www.hongkiat.com/blog/85-free-high-quality-silhouette-sets/(Accessed on 02-10-10)This website is referenced to study about the poses of different anatomy models in silhouette mode. Professional animators use the silhouette mode to value the animation key poses. This website has a library of silhouette poses of props, male, female, mammals and so on.11.http//www.cgtutorials.com/t3343/Autodesk_3ds_max/Crowd_simulation__biped__with_AI_implant(Accessed on 02-10-10)This website is referenced to study about the crowd AI. Artificial intelligence is one of the most important guide to achieve the realism in simulating the crowd. This website gives an idea about the particle effects and the collusion. Energy control, Personification control, direction control, locomotion control is easily achieved in AI.12.http//www.creativecrash.com/tutorial s/how-to-create-a-simple-crowd/page2(Accessed on 02-10-10)This website gives a method to create a simple crowd using the particle simulation. The basic idea in this tutorial is developing a crowd with low mesh ans defining a collision point using locater. The character is animated using the clip and four different clips is imported to 15 characters. These characters are guided using the expression editor. This method is based on the MEL(Maya Embedded Language.)2.2 InterpretationBy reviewing the literatures like books, magazines, articles and Internet websites, the researcher had a better idea to develop a simple procedure to simulate the crowd and a crystal clear vision about the crowd AI (Artificial Intelligence). This literature review is also concentrated on the silhouettes and its uses in the production field. Silhouette is the best way to represent the enthusiasm. This research helped the researcher is present the entire crowd in the silhouette mode for the enthusiastic feel.Ch apter 3 Research Methodology3.1 Types of research AnalyticalThis dissertation is of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the title,Silhouette an essential method for crowd simulation animation. This research document carries the content from the Internet website, books and articles. This research is mainly done to develop a procedure to simulate a entire crowd in a simple and easier way and also to research about the silhouette is how essential to visualize the crowd to get a enthusiastic feel.This dissertation is carried out with the information collected through different sources likeMagazinesJournalsForumsResearch papersBooksInternet WebsitesArticlesGoogle search engine and wikipedia are the two major sites helped a lot to gather information from various websites around the web.3.2 PopulationThe people who are suitable for this population are Animators, cinematographers and visual effect artists.They were examined by series of questions regarding the simulation of an entire c rowd using the silhouette. The population of this research work carries the production experienced person, students, Animation tutors.3.3 SamplingJudgment Sampling3.4 Scope and limitationThis research is limited to the simulation of crowd.Chapter 4Crowd Simulation4.1 DefinitionA crowd is defined to be collection of people or group of people1. The term crowd is mainly referred to the collection of piece as well as animals2. Crowds in also defined as the sharing of emotional experience. A crowd can be named by the purpose or different types emotions, such as riot, social gatherings, meetings, assemblies, religious ceremonies, general meetings and sport events3.4.2 CrowdScholars differ about what classes of social events fall under the rubric of collective behavior. In fact, the only class of events which all authors include is crowds. Clark McPhail, who treat crowds and collectives as synonyms. His important contribution is to gone beyond the others to carry out empirical studies of crowds. He finds them to form an set of types.The treatment of crowds is Gustave LeBon, The Crowd A Study of the Popular Mind (1896), in which the author, a frightened aristocrat, interpreted the crowds of the French Revolution as irrational reversions to animal emotion, and inferred from this that such reversion is characteristic of crowds in general. Freud expressed a similar view in Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego (1922). Authors thought that their ideas were confirmed by various kinds of crowds, one of these are the virtual economic. In Holland, during the tulip mania (1637), the prices of tulip bulbs rose to astronomical heights. An array of such quotes was quoted by the authors from the different part of the world. Mainly and other historical odds is said by Charles MacKays Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds (1841).At the University of Chicago, Robert Park and Herbert Blumer approved with the speculations of LeBon and other that crowds are formed by emoti onal. But a crowd is capable of any emotion, not only the negative ones of anger and fear.A number of authors modify the common-sense of the crowd to include episodes during which the participants are not assembled in one place but are dispersed over a large area. Turner and Killian refer to such crowds, examples being Billy Grahams, their expanded definition of the crowd is justified if propositions are compact crowds do so for diffuse crowds as well.Some psychologists have proved that there are three fundamental human emotions fear, joy, and anger. Neil Smelser, John Lofland, and others have proposed three corresponding forms of the crowd the panic (an expression of fear), the craze (an expression of joy), and the hostile outburst (an expression of anger). Each of the three emotions can characterize either a compact or a diffuse crowd, the result being a scheme of six types of crowds. Lofland has offered the most explicit discussion of these types.4.3 Types of Natural crowdThere a re already many types of crowd in the society, mainly they are classified into businesses and projects based crowd formation. But when we study about crowd sourcing and the crowds that influence it, we always like to the talking about one big crowd, one only crowd type that can fulfill every task.Well thats not what happens in reality, and Author Nicholas Carr had a interesting blog post which states about this and his mind thoughts over the typology of crowds, after studying about the crowd sourcing we can find a piece for the PBS Digital Nation site.He suggests the following 4 types of crowds in crowd sourcing Social production crowd consists of a large group of individuals who lend their individual talents to the devolved creations like Wikipedia or Linux.This one basically fits in the most examples of crowd sourcing. Averaging crowd classifies exactly as a survey group, giving an average judgment about some complex matter in some cases, is more accurate than the judgment of any one individual person in the society.Nicholas Carr defines that prediction markets are a typical examples of this different types of crowd, or even the stock market for that matter. Data mine crowd A large group that, the basic common knowledge and understanding of all its members who produces a collection of behavioral data or information that can be collected verified by the authors from various country put under a series of examine in order to gain insight into behavioral or market patterns.The example are defined here is the crowd that are mainly feed Googles search engine and Amazons search engine. So here we all are involving ourselves in this crowd sourcing effort without knowing that were particularly helping the system. Networking crowd a group that exports and import information through a shared communication system such as the phone network or Internet service. Internet service are mainly concentrated on the social networking like Orkut, hi 5, Facebook or Twitter.Here wer e not aware about being members of information collection, and if not handled carefully by the companies, could put a backfire on this type of services.After these 4 types, two were suggested. One by Clay Shirky, who was also, involved in this discussion, and another one from a suggestion by a commenter on the blog, Tom Lord. Thats crowd sourcing working right there Transactional crowd a group used to coordinate what are mainly point-to-point transactions, such as the type of crowd collected by eBay, Match.com, Innocentive, LinkedIn and similar services. Event crowd A group organized through online communication for a particular event, which can take place either online or in the real world and may have a political, social, aesthetic, or other purpose.